海冰层下溢油的水下高频声散射特性机理及特征提取研究

In icing sea area the oil spill under sea ice will cause serious environmental pollution on the sea. When the traditional satellite and radar techniques for oil spill monitoring were using in operating under ice oil spill will encountered the difficult in penetrate the sea ice layer. There is an urgent need to develop new technology for the detection of under ice oil spill. Acoustic detection technology of oil spill under sea ice is one of the most promising technologies at present. The formation of sea water-oil spill-sea ice multi-layer medium can reflecting the state of the oil spill under sea ice. Acoustic scattering characteristics produced in this multi-layer medium including its interface caused by underwater high frequency sound wave can be used as the criterion of whether or not there is oil spill under the ice. And also thickness and viscosity of the spilled oil can be obtained by feature extraction. This project focuses on two scientific problems which were formation mechanism and feature extraction in time and frequency domain for high-frequency acoustic scattering characteristics of sea water-oil spill-sea ice multi-layer medium including its interface. By computer numerical simulation modeling and pool experiment, it will be revealed that the interrelation between sea water-oil spill-sea ice multi-layer medium includes its interface and acoustic scattering characteristics. And the characteristic parameters will also be extracted to indicate the existence of oil spill even give out its thickness. This project will provide theoretical and methodological support for acoustic detection on under ice oil spill in icing sea area, and it has important social and scientific significance.

结冰海区存在着冰下溢油,对海洋造成严重的环境污染隐患。传统卫星和雷达溢油监测技术在应对冰下溢油灾害时,会面临难于穿透海冰层对冰下溢油探测的情况，急需发展探测冰下溢油的新技术，而冰下溢油声学探测技术是目前最具有发展前景的技术手段之一。冰下溢油主要表现为形成了海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质，水下高频声波在这种多层介质及其中介质间交界面中产生的声散射特性，可以作为冰下溢油存在与否的判据，并可以针对冰下溢油层的厚度及粘稠度等要素进行特征提取。本项目重点研究海水-溢油-海冰多层介质及其界面的水下高频声散射特性形成机理及其时域和频域特征提取两方面的科学问题，通过计算机数值仿真建模分析和水池实验研究，揭示海水-溢油-海冰的多层介质及其界面与声散射特性的相互关系，提取表征冰下溢油的存在、厚度等主要参数的特征参量。本项目将为海洋结冰区冰下溢油声学探测提供理论与方法支撑，具有重要的社会和科学意义。

结冰海区存在着冰下溢油,对海洋造成严重的环境污染隐患。传统卫星和雷达溢油监测技术在应对冰下溢油灾害时,会面临难于穿透海冰层对冰下溢油探测的情况，急需发展探测冰下溢油的新技术，而冰下溢油声学探测技术是目前最具有发展前景的技术手段之一。冰下溢油主要表现为形成了海水-石油-海冰的多层介质，水下高频声波在这种多层介质及其中介质间交界面中产生的声散射特性，可以作为冰下溢油存在与否的判据，并可以针对冰下溢油层的厚度等要素进行特征提取。.本项目主要研究了海水、石油、海冰及海水-石油-海冰多层介质物理特性建模；海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面水下高频声散射特性形成机理研究及仿真分析；海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面水下高频声散射特性获取水池实验；海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面的水下高频声散射特征提取研究及仿真模型修正。构建了典型冰下溢油物理特性数值模型，通过仿真分析软件得到声波在海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面的水下高频声散射特性。完成了冰下溢油水池模拟实验，通过水池实验对海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面水下高频声散射特性数值模型进行了准确性和有效性验证。最后根据冰下溢油缩比模型水池实验对数值仿真模型进行了修正和优化。通过对比表明，海水、海水-海冰、海水-石油以及海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面介质模型计算获得的声散射系数与实验对比结果平均误差小于15%。.综上所述，本项目建立了海水-溢油-海冰多层介质及其交界面的物理特性仿真模型，通过计算机数值仿真获得了海水-溢油-海冰多层介质及其交界面的水下高频声散射特性的形成机理。并从海水-石油-海冰多层介质及其交界面的水下高频声散射特性中，提取了海水-溢油及溢油-海冰交界面的水下高频声散射时域、频域特征。并且通过实验对冰下溢油的高频声散射特性的可行性和特征的正确性进行了有效的验证，为冰下溢油声学探测技术研究提供方法及思路。