部署环境复杂传感网中的三维地理路由协议研究

Geographic routing has been considered as an efficient, simple and scalable routing scheme for wireless sensor networks, since it exploits pure location information for routing decisions. This location-based scheme makes it become a premier research topic both for academic and industrial fields. However, existing geographic routing protocols are not directly applicable to the sensor networks that deployed in the complicated environment due to their ideal assumptions on the node distribution. To solve this issue, we focus on three-dimensional (3D) greedy geographic routing, 3D geographic routing how to bypass routing hole, 3D multipath geographic routing, 3D multicast geographic routing, and the location error of node in this project, by addressing the key technologies related to them, making geographic routing more feasible to the practical applications in sensor networks. The main innovations and features of this project are summarized as follows. First, we introduce location terrain information into 3D geographic routing to make the forwarder selection more efficient, and propose a 3D routing hole model with regular geometry to facilitate it to conveniently bypass the routing hole. Then, we present a 3D multipath geographic routing for data delivery in sensor networks so as to provide drastic performance improvement. Finally, we propose a 3D multicast geographic routing for practical application scenarios in sensor networks where one message is often needed to be sent to multiple destinations, and introduce the location error of nodes into the routing decisions such that the current sender can accurately find the next forwarder.

地理路由利用节点位置信息实现数据传递，对提高传感网的扩展性与鲁棒性等具有重要意义，已成为工业界和学术界共同关注的前沿研究课题。针对现有地理路由协议由于假设节点理想分布而难以适用于部署环境复杂三维传感网的问题，本项目将围绕三维贪婪地理路由选路、三维路由空洞绕行、三维多路径地理路由、三维多播地理路由、及节点位置误差等方面开展研究。力求通过解决相应的关键问题，提高地理路由解决传感网实际应用问题的能力。主要创新与特色包括：引入地形信息约束转发节点的选择，来提高三维地理路由有效性；针对路由空洞问题，提出利用规则几何图形来构建三维路由空洞模型而实现有效绕行；针对相关研究仅利用单路径地理路由传输数据的问题，提出三维多路径地理路由为全面提高网络传输性能提供保证；针对实际应用经常发送同一消息到多个目标节点的应用场景，提出三维多播地理路由；将节点位置误差引入到路由决策中，有利于准确寻找到转发节点。

针对现有地理路由协议由于假设节点理想分布而难以适用于部署环境复杂三维传感网的问题，项目围绕三维贪婪地理路由选路、三维路由空洞绕行、三维多路径地理路由、三维多播地理路由、及节点定位等方面开展研究。主要创新与特色包括：引入地形信息约束转发节点的选择，来提高三维地理路由有效性；针对路由空洞问题，提出利用规则几何图形来构建三维路由空洞模型而实现有效绕行, 并提出了基于网络坐标的路由空洞绕行方法CAGR；针对相关研究仅利用单路径地理路由传输数据的问题，提出三维多路径地理路由EDGR为全面提高网络传输性能提供保证；针对实际应用经常发送同一消息到多个目标节点的应用场景，提出三维多播地理路由EMGR；提出基于网络距离定位方法RRDR，有利于获得节点位置信息，提高多维地理路由可用性。