基于星载SAR的煤层隐蔽火源探测相关问题研究

Underground coal fire has been one major natural disaster to ecosystem globally. One key and difficult issue of reducing its impact is to detect accurate locations of coal fire areas quickly and promptly. Based on comprehensive state of the art literature review and practical application requirements, this proposal will focus on theory research and detailed methods in terms of using advanced InSAR technique to measure subsidence caused by underground coal fire, which will then be utilized to detect hidden fire locations. Our substantial background knowledge of actual coal fire research sites (Xinjiang), amount of field survey data, simulation experiments, deep learning technique and interdiscipline background assure the expected goals to be achieved. The explicit research contents are listed as follows: The project will firstly solve challenging issues in terms of obtaining subsidence information by time series and polarimetric InSAR technique in the coal fire areas. Once ground deformation results have been obtained in coal fire areas, models and correlation mechanism between deformation, locations and effected range will be elaborated. Meanwhile, subsidence pattern of overlay above underground coal areas is also a main research subject. Finally, a comprehensive theory and specific methods will be developed for coal fire location detection by utilizing subsidence monitoring results with advanced InSAR technique. The expected achievements of this proposal can provide basic theory for underground coal fire detection using spaceborne SAR data, as well as a reference technique for other monitoring methods. Overall, the proposal has significant theoretical and practical values.

地下煤火屡治不止，已成全球性生态灾难。自燃火源的快速、全面、及时、精确探测是煤火精准防治与利用的关键,也是一项世界性难题。本项目拟结合国内外研究现状及应用需求，新疆煤火区特点及积累的大量探测与揭露数据，实验模拟与深度学习结合、学科交叉综合，系统研究基于星载SAR的煤层隐蔽火源探测相关问题，提出利用InSAR技术监测煤火区地表移动变形，进而探测煤层隐蔽火源的理论与方法。包括解决InSAR技术获取煤火区地表移动变形特殊的瓶颈问题，提出长时序、多极化InSAR方法;揭示煤层自燃诱发的覆岩及地表移动变形规律，提出地表移动变形信息与自燃发火位置与范围的关联机理与模型;形成利用InSAR所监测到的地表移动变形信息进行煤层自燃区反演、隐蔽火源确定的理论与方法，得出适用条件。本项目成果既可为运用星载SAR探测地下煤火提供依据，又可为利用多种方法进行协同探测、综合识别奠定基础，具有重要的理论与应用价值。

地下煤火屡治不止，已成全球性生态灾难。自燃火源的快速、全面、及时、精确探测是煤火精准防治的关键。本项目结合国内外研究现状及应用需求，选择新疆阜康、米泉、宝安等典型煤田火区等作为确定重点剖析、研究对象，运用多学科理论知识、技术成果、方法手段，通过案例分析与模拟仿真结合、学科交叉综合，讨论了星载SAR探测地下煤层自燃火区相关问题，研发了利用InSAR技术监测地表移动变形，进而探测地下煤层自燃火区、确定隐蔽火源的理论与方法。根据现场实际及应用需求，把研究内容拓展到煤田隐蔽火源多源遥感探测，将此问题抽象为同源、多象、多像关键节点及同源多象—象像映射—源象传递—多像识源研究链条进行分析，探讨了煤田隐蔽火源多源遥感探测的技术瓶颈，提出了热红外+雷达+光学卫星遥感火区联合识别、时空温度阈值法火区圈定等技术，进行了无人机火区监测试验，取得了一系列理论与方法方面的创新成果。项目发表标注论文21篇（国际SCI刊物论文13篇，中文核心刊物论文8篇；第一标注SCI刊物论文4篇，第一标注中文刊物论文5篇），出版专著1部；获国家授权发明专利2项；相关成果获国家科技进步二等奖1次、测绘科技进步二等奖1次；在项目资助下，项目负责人培养相关博士研究生2名（毕业）、硕士研究生3名（毕业），项目参加人员、项目负责人的另外2名博士生及1名硕士生在本项目及国家留学基金委资助下获得西班牙加泰罗尼亚理工大学博士学位。项目负责人指导学生的相关成果获全国测绘科学与技术博士生学术论坛优秀论文报告一等奖1次，获江苏省高校测绘研究生优秀毕业论文二等奖、三等奖各1篇，获江苏省高校测绘本科生优秀毕业论文一等奖、江苏省高校本专科优秀毕业设计（论文）三等奖。本项目成果既可为运用星载SAR探测地下煤火提供依据，又可为利用多种方法进行协同探测、综合识别奠定基础，为相关研究提供借鉴，对煤火精准防治、资源环境保护及实现“双碳”目标都具有重要价值。