圆锥滚子凸度贯穿式超精研修形机理与规律

Rolling bearing is an kind of important and fundamental mechanical part, and tapered roller is is an kind of important rolling element in rolling bearing. Profile of the contact stress and the elastohydrodynamic lubrication film between the roller and raceway can be improved by the crown ,so the bearing performance and life can be improved also.The logarithmic crown is the best crown.Through-feed superfinishing is the main correcting process for tapered roller crown, but the correcting mechanism and regularity of the process are complex.The correcting mechanism and regularity of the process have not been fully revealed at the present, so the development of precise and efficient correcting technology for the logarithmic crown has been restricted seriously.In this project, the through-feed superfinishing process for tapered roller crown is taken as the research object ,and research contents are mainly as follows: by comparing with general superfinishing process, abrasive force between the oil stone and the tapered roller is studied ,and the characteristics and regularity on the oil stone wear and roller material wear are researched; the method to numericaly simulate the evolution of the roller crown shape is researched by using the analysis method based on the principle of evolution forming, and the numerical simulation are carried on; experimental and test study on the superfinishing process is also carried on; the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation,experiments and tests are integrated to reveal the correcting mechanism and regularity of the process. The expected research results in this project can be used as the theoretical and technical support of the precise and efficient process for the logarithmic crown of tapered roller, and as a result , manufacturing technology for the high precision roller and high performance rolling bearing can be promoted .

滚动轴承是重要的机械基础件，圆锥滚子是其中一种重要的滚动体。凸度可改善滚子与滚道接触应力分布及弹流润滑油膜形状，从而提高轴承性能和寿命，其中对数形凸度是最佳凸度。贯穿式超精研是圆锥滚子凸度修形加工的主要工艺，但凸度的修形机理与规律十分复杂，迄今尚未充分揭示，严重制约滚子对数形凸度精密高效修形加工技术的发展。本项目以圆锥滚子凸度贯穿式超精研过程为研究对象，通过与一般超精研对比，研究油石与圆锥滚子之间研磨力以及油石磨损和滚子材料磨除的特征与变化规律；采用基于演变成形原理的凸度超精研修形分析方法，研究滚子凸度形状演变过程的数值模拟方法并进行数值模拟分析；开展凸度的修形加工试验研究；将理论分析、数值模拟和试验验证相结合，揭示凸度的修形机理与规律。预期成果可为圆锥滚子对数形凸度的精密高效修形加工提供理论和技术支撑，有利于促进高精度滚子以及高性能轴承制造技术的进步。

圆锥滚子是滚动轴承中一种重要的滚动体，其凸度的精密修形对提高轴承寿命和可靠性有重要意义。贯穿式超精研是圆锥滚子凸度修形加工的主要工艺。长期以来，受圆柱滚子凸度贯穿式超精研修形理论影响，圆锥滚子凸度贯穿式超精研修形理论和技术的研究一直以共轭曲面原理为基础，但超精研效果不佳，而且导辊形面的加工十分困难。本项目提出基于演变成形原理的圆锥滚子凸度贯穿式超精研修形新理论，针对圆锥滚子正置定姿态和空间斜置定姿态贯穿式超精研，研究了油石与圆锥滚子之间研磨力以及油石磨损和滚子材料磨除的特征与变化规律，研究了导辊理想形面及其精确磨削，进行了数值模拟分析和超精研试验，揭示了滚子凸度修形机理和规律，形成了导辊理想形面精确磨削方法，试验获得的凸度具有类似于对数凸度的两端陡峭中部平坦的形状特征。取其圆柱形后导辊具有通用性和便于加工之便利，本项目提出了采用锥柱匹配导辊的圆锥滚子凸度超精研方法，研究并揭示了滚子凸度及导辊形面特征，为该方法的应用提供了理论和技术支持。本项目为圆锥滚子凸度加工工艺研究探索了新方向，研究成果为突破圆锥滚子对数凸度精密加工技术奠定了坚实基础。