电磁脉冲的范数探测理论和应用关键技术研究

It is of great significance to assess the threat to the national infrastructure and electrical systems from the high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) since it is an appropriate way to know the survivability and vulnerability. To obtain the sensitive parameters which lead to the effects happened is premise and base of system-level assessment. In terms of various electromagnetic norms and the related parameters, the sensitive parameters of effects could be extracted precisely and by which the true physical mechanism of effects could be reflected correspondingly. However, the existing EMP measurement systems cannot obtain the norms in real time, which became the technical bottleneck that affect the norm applications in HEMP system-level test assessment. In this project, the norm detection method will be investigated for the electromagnetic pulse effect test. First, the fundamental theories and acquisition algorithms of different types of electromagnetic norm, estimation and control method of measurement perturbation will be studied. Then, the non-cable norm detectors for electric field and for multi-channel voltage signal will be developed based on high speed sampling A/D and FPGA technology to achieve the norm detection in metallic cavity. Through the demonstrated experimental research of several electromagnetic pulse effects, a real-time, efficient norm detection application method and procedures will be established. The research results of this project will provides a new detection method and technique for electromagnetic pulse effects research, which has important theoretical and practical significance to promote system-level effects assessment research and has a good application prospect.

深入开展高空核爆电磁脉冲的毁伤效应评估研究，对于判断重要基础设施和电子化系统的生存能力、发现易损薄弱环节具有重要意义。系统级效应评估的前提和基础是获得反映效应物理机制的敏感参数。使用范数及其衍生参数可以准确提取效应敏感参数，但现有测量手段无法实时进行范数探测，这一难题成为影响系统级试验评估工作的技术瓶颈。为此，本项目针对电磁脉冲效应试验中的范数探测方法展开研究。给出不同类型电磁范数的理论获取算法、测量微扰预估理论和控制方法；以金属腔体内的范数探测为应用对象，基于高速A/D采样和FPGA技术，研制无传输线缆电场范数探测器和多通道电压信号范数探测器；开展几种电磁脉冲效应示范实验研究，建立实时、高效的范数探测应用方法和步骤。该项目的成果可为效应评估研究提供一种新型探测方法和技术手段，对促进我国系统级效应评估试验研究有着重要的理论和实践意义，且具有很好的应用前景。

高功率电磁环境，如高空电磁脉冲、雷电电磁脉冲和窄带高功率微波等，可对国家基础设施的电子化系统产生干扰或毁伤效应。国内很多机构对电磁脉冲的效应机理与规律进行了研究，以满足电磁防护和效应评估的需要。同时，电磁范数作为可定量表示电磁脉冲波形特征的参数，已被高功率电磁脉冲研究领域所采纳并列入IEC、美军标等相关标准中。目前电磁范数在系统级效应试验中的应用，亟需一种能够快速、便捷获得所测信号范数的测量手段，而现有的基于电缆或光纤传输的测量方法无法适用于密闭腔体内耦合信号的测量。因此本项目分析了常用电磁范数的物理意义和应用领域，研究了电磁范数的计算方法；基于数字化测量技术，利用高速FPGA和ADC研制了范数探测器，包括电场范数探测器和四通道电压、电流范数探测器，范数探测器的采样率最高可达2 GHz，测量过程中无需光纤或线缆，可用于密闭空间内耦合场信号的探测；编写了配套的数据处理软件，可以快速计算出所测信号的范数；同时在实际的UWB和PCI效应试验中验证了范数探测器的实用性。本项目是数字化测量技术在电磁脉冲探测中的成功应用，项目的研究成果对系统级效应评估工作提供了一种新型的探测方法，随着数字测量技术的发展，该方法具有进一步优化的空间。