空中引发雷电与地闪预放电过程的实验研究

data analysis of artificially triggered lightning experiment shows that such experiment, especially altitude-triggered method, is an efficient way to test and evaluate the function and efficiency of lightning protection facilities; Lightning development can be observed in two dimensional (azimuth and elevation) by self-developed wideband lightning interferometer system in high time-resolution, and the EM radiation pulses originated from positive leader of altitude-triggered lightning has been ,for the first time, observed; Observation of lightning downward leader and its attachment process shows that stepped leader characterized by single-polar pulses prior to its attachment to the ground both in northern and southern China, but differed in time interval between pulses and in steepness of transition front of return stoke, indicating that attachment process of downward leader is related to the lightning in different region and to the charge structure of thunderstorm; the theoretical and model study for lightning leader has been carried out and results similar to that of observation data were obtained. It is deduced that charge in the lightning leader channel may originated from cloud; Field observation and theoretical study of lightning spectra have been conducted and lightning return stroke spectra in the range of 400nm to 700nm were obtained. Spectra of lightning with single stroke in the wavelength of 604.6nm and 619.4nm were recorded for the first time. The fine structure of lightning spectrum has been calculated by applying atomic structure theory. Comparing the calculated results with observational lightning spectra indicate that spectra structure and their transition characteristics of lightning return stroke in plateau area are different from that in other regions, for example, the temperature of lightning channel in the plateau is lower.

利用空中引雷技术和先进的雷电参数测量手段，研究雷电下行先导与地面目标物间的相互作用机理及过程，研究下行先导接近地面时的物理图象及地面空间电荷和电场分布以及目标物状况对先导接地行为的影响；在积累实验数据的基础上对避雷装置的机理和效能进行科学评估。结果将对雷电物理研究有重要科学意义，并在雷电防护中也有重大的实际应用价值。.