基于超宽带H面喇叭的新型共形稀疏相控阵天线关键技术研究

Phased array antenna shows great application prospect in numerous fields, such as wireless communication, security inspection and radio astronomy. The rapidly developing technology requires phased array antenna with high performance in bandwidth, sweeping angle, power capacity and efficiency. This project focuses on conformal and sparse phased array antenna. In order to obtain wide bandwidth and high gain, the H-plane horn antenna with aperture and ridge loaded is proposed. Double-layer dielectric slab with elliptical broadside coupler is utilized to obtain a wideband planar phase shifter. Feeding network of new sparse phased array based on the theory of maximum efficiency in power transmission is presented. This project aims to solve the difficulties in modeling equivalent theoretical model of conformal H-plane horn with aperture loaded and realizing a new sparse phased array with high efficiency. A new set of conformal and sparse phased array antenna works from 4 GHz to 18 GHz with characteristic of ultra wideband, omnidirectional scanning and high efficiency. The developed result will provide a new solution for the conformal phased array antenna and helpful for further applications in missile and airborne detecting systems.

相控阵天线在无线通信、公共安全检查及射电天文等众多领域蕴藏着巨大的应用前景，随着技术的发展，对相控阵天线的宽带、广扫描角、大功率容量以及高效率等方面都提出了更高的要求。本项目主要围绕共形稀疏相控阵天线展开相关研究，采用口径加载的共形H面脊喇叭天线作为阵列单元，实现宽带特性并获得更高的增益；采用多层板通过椭圆形缝隙耦合的结构，实现超宽带共形移相器；采用功率传输效率最大化理论，提出新型稀疏阵馈电网络。本项目重点攻克建立口径加载的共形H面喇叭天线等效理论模型和实现高效率新型稀疏阵的技术难点，进而研制一套4-18GHz新型共形稀疏阵列天线系统，实现超宽带、全向扫描、高效率等特性。本项目的研究成果不仅能够为共形相控阵天线提供新的思路，并且有助于推动弹载、机载等探测系统的进一步发展。

波束扫描天线在无线通信、公共安全检查及射电天文等众多领域蕴藏着巨大的应用前景，随着技术的发展，对波束扫描天线的宽带、大功率容量以及高效率等方面都提出了更高的要求。本项目主要围绕共形稀疏波束扫描天线展开相关研究，采用基于波纹基片集成波导技术的（CSIW）口径加载的H面脊喇叭天线作为阵列单元，实现宽带特性并获得更高的增益；采用多层板通过椭圆形缝隙耦合的结构，实现超宽带共形移相器和耦合器；采用功率传输效率最大化理论，提出新型稀疏阵列天线馈电网络，首先得到一个工作带宽为6-18 GHz的波束扫描角度为±6°的平面H面喇叭阵列天线。天线剖面为3.175mm（0.13λ_0），因此将平面结构共形，仍采用功率最大化理论，最终实现了工作带宽为6-18 GHz的波束扫描角度为±8°的共形H面喇叭阵列天线。本项目的研究成果不仅能够为共形波束扫描天线提供新的思路，并且有助于推动弹载、机载等探测系统的进一步发展。