冰水二相流明渠浮冰输运及水力调控机理研究

There are many long-distance water transfer canal projects in Northwest China. The impact of ice cover resistance and ice cover loads are not been taken into accounts in cross-section shape and structure design，so these canals cannot transfer water under ice cover in winter. With the development of economy, water shortage in winter has become a bottleneck of area development. Transferring water under ice-water two phase flow conditions is the only way to solve the water shortage problem. At present, the researches on water transfer in winter are mainly in view of ice cover mode, while the researches on the ice-water two phase flow mode is less, especially on the ice blocks transport mechanism and ice transport capacity. There are few theoretical results of the ice-water two phase flow transfer mode and only some empirical research results..In this project, we will use several methods such as dynamic analysis, physical model test, numerical simulation and dimensional analysis to study the floating ice blocks transport mechanism. At first, the dynamic conditions of floating ice blocks submerging and rolling are be analyzed, and the maximum ice transport velocity will be studied. Then the hydraulic characteristics and floating ice blocks transport laws will be analyzed at the canal section with pier columns，and the floating ice transport capacity and the minimum floating ice transport velocity will be studied..This study will provide a theoretical basis to hydraulic control on water transfer under ice-water two phase flow conditions, and have directly positive influences on the economic development of the western regions in China.

在我国西北严寒地区有许多调水渠道，其设计未考虑冰盖阻流和冰盖荷载影响，无法通过结冰盖运行来实现冬季输水。随着经济发展，冬季缺水问题已成为地区发展的瓶颈，通过水力调控实现冰水二相流模式下输排冰运行已成为这些渠道实现冬季输水的唯一方式。目前国内外对冰期输水的研究主要集中于冰盖下输水模式，而对冰水二相流输水研究较少，对渠道输冰机理研究还很不充分，冰水二相流输冰控制流速仍以经验性研究成果为主，缺乏有效的理论指导。.本项目以动力学分析、物理模型试验、数值模拟、量纲分析为手段，分析漂浮冰块的翻转下潜动力条件，研究提出漂浮冰块的最大输运流速计算方法；分析渠道墩柱断面水流特性及浮冰运动规律，研究提出渠道墩柱断面输冰能力及最小输冰流速计算方法，为长距离明渠安全输冰运行提供理论依据。.本研究对于丰富冰水二相流模式下的水力调控理论具有重要价值，对指导渠道冰水二相流模式下安全输水、发展西部经济具有直接意义。

在我国西北严寒地区有许多调水渠道，其设计未考虑冰盖阻流和冰盖荷载影响，无法通过结冰盖运行来实现冬季输水。随着经济发展，冬季缺水问题已成为地区发展的瓶颈，通过水力调控实现冰水二相流模式下输排冰运行已成为这些渠道实现冬季输水的唯一方式。目前国内外对冰期输水的研究主要集中于冰盖下输水模式，而对冰水二相流输水研究较少，对渠道输冰机理研究还很不充分，冰水二相流输冰控制流速仍以经验性研究成果为主，缺乏有效的理论指导。. 本项目以动力学分析、物理模型试验、数值模拟、量纲分析为手段，分析漂浮冰块的翻转下潜动力条件，研究提出影响漂浮冰块的稳定性的关键动力指标；分析渠道墩柱断面水流特性及浮冰运动规律，研究提出浮冰通过渠道墩柱断面的临界水流弗汝德数，为长距离明渠安全输冰运行提供理论依据。. 本研究对于丰富冰水二相流模式下的水力调控理论具有重要价值，对指导渠道冰水二相流模式下安全输水、发展西部经济具有直接意义。