具有多气隙独立绕组结构的三维磁通永磁直线电机研究

Based on the specific demand of the mechanical actuator in aeronautic and astronautic filed, this project intends to research a novel three-dimensional flux permanent magnet linear motor with multi-air gap and global winding. The motor can make the most of the available volume, and the advantages of high thrust density is obvious. The particular structure of the multi-air gap and multi-pole, and the special three-dimensional flux circuit, are taken full consideration to determine the following research contents. First of all, the integrative single secondary and double global winding structures are proposed, and the mathematic models based on analytical and finite element analysis are built to reveal the operating law and requirement. Then the optimization design is carried out to decrease cogging force and increase thrust, and the key is to obtain the optimized method and criterion of the motor in different volume restrict and velocity condition, especially to reveal the design limits of the numbers of the air gap and poles. On the basis, the influence of the air-gap deviation is studied and the method of adjusting the iron between two phases is used to reduce the relative thrust deterioration. Besides, considering the characteristic that every unit air gap has a certain independence, the influence of the partial failure is researched, which can provide the basis for the fault diagnosis and tolerant. Finally, a prototype is designed and tested to assess the operating performance and reliability. According to the above theory and experimental research, the analysis theory, optimization design criterions are expected to obtain, which can provides reference for practical engineering.

摘要：依托航空航天直接驱动机电作动器的具体应用需求，拟研究一种新型具有多气隙独立绕组结构的三维磁通永磁直线电机。该电机能充分利用体积空间，高推力密度优势明显。充分考虑电机多气隙多极结构以及三维磁路的特殊性，拟定具体研究内容：提出单层次级一体化及双边独立绕组拓扑结构，在建立电机的电磁分析及仿真模型基础上，揭示其工作特性及运行要求；开展电机定位力抑制和推力优化研究，重点获得不同体积限制及速度条件下电机优化设计的方法和准则，尤其揭示极数和气隙层数的设计极限；研究气隙偏差对输出特性的影响规律，并采用调节相间铁心的方法抑制相应的推力特性恶化；考虑到每层气隙具有一定的独立性，开展局部失效电机输出特性变化规律研究，为后续故障诊断和容错控制奠定基础。最后通过工程样机实现及测试，对电机的工作特性及可靠性进行评估分析。通过上述研究，形成并完善此类电机的理论分析方法、优化设计准则，为其工程实用提供参考。

航空航天直接驱动机电作动对直线电机提出应用需求。但是由于飞行器体积质量限制严格，对电机系统提出高功率密度的要求。而直线电机的动子直接驱动负载运动，不能通过大的减速比设计提高功率密度。要控制直线电机的体积质量，只能寄希望于提高它的推力密度。为充分利用体积空间，提高电机的推力密度，本项目开展新型具有多气隙独立绕组结构的三维磁通永磁直线电机研究。.主要完成工作包括：建立了多气隙独立绕组的等效磁网络、磁场解析、三维磁场有限元仿真及等效二维磁场仿真计算模型，并获得考虑电感不对称的改进的电机dq轴坐标变换模型，为后续电机的驱动控制研究奠定了基础；获得正弦波和方法供电模式下电机输出推力特性，并将此类电机与常规永磁同步直线电机、磁通切换电机进行对比，获得推力、功率因数、效率等相关特性；获得降低定位力和推力波动的相间铁心长度优化方法和准则，掌握了一定体积和速度下最大推力密度设计的气隙层数和极对数设计规律；研制了额定推力200N的独立绕组永磁同步直线电机样机一台，完成了空载测试平台（电动缸驱动）和负载测试（磁粉制动器加齿轮齿条方案）平台搭建。.基于本项目的研究，发表论文3篇（其中SCI收录2篇）；申请国家发明专利12项，已获授权3项，1项实现成果转化应用；培养研究生3名。基于本项目资助的研究基础，申请获得国家自然科学基金面上项目及江苏省优秀青年基金的后续资助。