新型助凝剂-浒苔多糖对饮用水处理中消毒副产物生成的影响机制研究

Polyacrylamide (PAM) has become a widely used coagulant due to its strong net capture and bridging function. However, the hydrolyzed monomer-acrylamide is biotoxic and difficult to degrade, which improves the risk of drinking water treatment to a certain extent. Therefore, searching for a new coagulant aid to take the place of PAM has been considered as an urgent problem for drinking water purification in China. This new coagulant aid should be high-efficiency, non-toxic and biodegradable. In this study, Enteromorpha polysaccharide (Ep) will be prepared from the marine waste--Enteromorpha prolifera and then used as a new kind of coagulant aid in drinking water treatment technology of “coagulation-filtration-disinfection”. The types and structure variation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coagulated effluent will be researched on the basis of Ep coagulation efficiency studying, and the relationship between molecular weight, hydrophobicity of DOM and the formation characteristics of DBPs in disinfection unit will be revealed. According to new data analysis methods, the relevance between spectral parameters and DBPs production will be established to study the influence mechanism of Ep addition on DBPs formation. Coagulation and disinfection operation conditions will be optimized for the purpose of improving coagulation efficiency as well as decreasing DBPs generation. This project shows theoretical basis and technical support for the application of Ep in drinking water treatment. In addition, a new way for the resource utilization of marine waste-- Enteromorpha prolifera could be provided.

聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）因其强大的网捕、架桥功能成为我国普遍使用的助凝剂，然而其水解单体-丙烯酰胺具有生物毒性且难以降解，在一定程度上提高了饮用水处理风险。因此，寻求具备良好助凝效能而又安全无毒、易生物降解的新型助凝剂替代PAM，是目前我国饮用水安全净化的迫切需求。本项目从海洋废物浒苔中提取多糖作为助凝剂用于饮用水的“混凝-过滤-消毒”处理，在明确其助凝效能的基础上，拟开展浒苔多糖使用后混凝出水中溶解性有机物（DOM）种类与结构的变化研究，揭示DOM的分子量、亲疏水性与消毒单元DBPs生成特性间的关联；探索有效的数据解析方法，建立DOM的光谱学参数与DBPs生成量间的关系式，阐明浒苔多糖对出水氯消毒DBPs生成的影响机制；优化混凝及氯消毒工艺条件，在保证出水水质的同时控制DBPs的生成。本项目为浒苔多糖替代PAM应用于饮用水处理提供理论依据和技术支撑，同时为海洋废物浒苔的资源化利用提供新思路。

本项目从海洋废弃物--浒苔中提取出高品质的多糖，并将其作为传统助凝剂-聚丙烯酰胺的替代品用于“混凝-超滤-消毒”水处理工艺中；系统分析浒苔多糖的官能团并推测分子结构，在明确助凝效能的基础上，探究其使用后混凝出水中溶解性有机物的变化规律；继而利用超滤工艺对有机物进行深度截留，解析浒苔多糖的投加对超滤膜污染的减轻机制；进一步探讨浒苔多糖投加后溶解性有机物的理化特性与氯消毒副产物生成特征之间的关联，揭示其使用对消毒副产物生成的影响机制；最后优化混凝、超滤及消毒工艺条件，在提高出水水质的同时控制消毒副产物的生成。本项目的研究成果为浒苔多糖的实际应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑，同时为海洋废弃物-浒苔的处置和再利用提供了新的解决思路。