风沙环境下特高压输电线路金具磨损行为研究及可靠性分析

Xinjiang Power Grid is not only responsible for Xinjiang power transmission, but also an important node of the Belt and Road Initiatives. However, the Xinjiang Power Grid covers a large area, and the climate and geological conditions is complicated, therefore the power grid operating environment is very poor. Because of the strong and serious sand storm, the UHV transmission lines power fittings conventionally designed were badly abrased when suffering a short-term operation, thus affecting the security and stability of the Xinjiang Power Grid. Combined with the environments of Xinjiang, the wear behaviors and reliability of the UHV transmission lines power fittings were studied under the great wind and severe sand storm condition. The influence law of the power fittings under the complex actions of the erosion of the wind and sand were obtained. The wear failure mechanism, damage regulation and the interactive cooperation were disclosed. The major factors which determine the wear performance under different media condition were discovered. The abrasion mechanism and matrix which reflect the running condition at the complicated working condition in Xinjiang were established, and the failure of the power fittings at a certain wear model was estimated. The relationship which reflect the microstructure characteriation and enviromment media and its abrasion properties were built. Based on the aforementioned results, the direction and probability aiming for improving the wear resistance of the power fittings were put forward. The project provides the theoretical methods and technical support for the improvement in service performance of the power fittings under strong wind sand condition.

新疆电网不仅担负着“疆电外送”的重任，同时也是“一带一路”战略的重要节点。然而，新疆电网覆盖地域面积大，境内气候、地质条件复杂，电网运行自然环境恶劣。受强风和沙尘暴等恶劣气候的影响，导致按常规设计的特高压输电线路金具短期运行却磨损严重，严重影响新疆整体电网运行的安全与稳定。本项目结合新疆特殊的自然环境，针对特高压输电线路金具在强风沙尘暴环境下的磨损行为展开研究，获得风、沙冲蚀及其复合作用对金具的磨损失效行为的影响规律，揭示强风沙尘冲蚀下磨损失效机制和损伤规律以及交互协同影响磨损的机理与本质；揭示不同介质环境下决定金具磨损性能的主要因素；构建适合于新疆复杂工况下金具的磨损机理和模型，完成金具在一定磨损模型下的失效预测；建立金具的磨损失效行为与其微结构特征和环境介质的对应关系，提出改善金具磨损抗力的方向和可能性。课题的研究将为提高风沙环境中电力金具的服役性能提供理论方法和技术支撑。

新疆电网不仅担负着“疆电外送”的重任，同时也是“一带一路”战略的重要节点。然而，新疆地区多发的强风、沙尘暴耦合的极端气象环境，导致电网构件在运行过程中面临着严重的磨损和腐蚀失效问题，这已经成为制约输电线路发展的技术瓶颈。同时也对新疆境内电网的规划、设计、施工、运维等方面带来了诸多难题，严重影响新疆整体电网运行的安全与稳定。本项目针对特高压输电线路金具在高风沙、高腐蚀、高矿化度介质等恶劣环境下的磨损、腐蚀失效行为进行研究，完成强风及风、沙冲蚀环境下金具失效行为的研究，探讨影响金具磨损腐蚀失效的因素，获得风、沙冲蚀及其复合作用对金具的磨损腐蚀失效行为的影响规律，揭示强风沙尘冲蚀下磨损失效机制和损伤规律以及交互协同影响磨损的机理与本质；完成海洋、工业大气环境中金具材料的腐蚀与磨损行为研究，阐明腐蚀磨损演化机理及交互作用规律，建立腐蚀磨损预测模型；针对特高压输电线路金具电接触磨损问题，提出一种结合Archard磨损模型和氧化损失理论的线路金具微观电接触磨损仿真方法，实现电力金具热-应力-磨损完全耦合分析；完成随机风作用下覆冰输电线路振动特性分析，数值仿真自然界随机风场特性，探讨得到导线风致振动响应规律以及张力变化对金具的影响；完成电力金具U型环的疲劳寿命分析，建立金具磨损次数、工作载荷、剩余强度三者之间的非线性映射关系，实现金具在一定磨损模型下的失效预测；建立金具的磨损腐蚀失效行为与其微结构特征和环境介质的对应关系，提出改善金具磨损抗力的方向和可能性。开发出以电力金具U型环为代表的摩擦学系统的沙尘环境适应性评价体系，建立基于摩擦学的沙尘环境研究方法和沙尘环境中金具摩擦学系统的服役性能评价准则，阐明该摩擦学系统在沙尘环境中的磨损机理，建立提高其沙尘适应性的设计方法，为提高风沙环境中电力金具的服役性能，延长金具的使用寿命，降低电网运营成本，保障西北电网的安全、稳定、可靠运行提供理论方法和技术支撑。