基于类电磁机制算法的自由曲面数控切削加工过程优化研究

Numerical control (NC) machining occupies an important place in the manufacturing industry. Using existing NC machining equipments, machining process optimization can increase efficiency and guarantee machining quality, which is important to improve the machinability of the equipments and produce great economic benefits. This project focuses on NC machining process of free-form surface and makes a research on the tool path planning strategy and parameter optimization methods. The main research work are introduced as follows: a surface segmentation method is proposed to achieve regular patches based on the contour method and boundary curve characteristics, which makes the spiral path of every patch can be obtained by using mapping method, then the digital path covered all the surface are successfully generated through connecting all these spiral path into one continuous and smooth line, which will provide theoretical and experimental basis for the parameter optimization; combined with an improved electromagnetism-like mechanism algorithm, efficient optimization algorithms are designed to reflect the nature of the machining optimization problems; based on the dynamic modeling, the multi-objective theory and the interval programming theory, the multi-constrained, multi-objective and varying cutting parameter optimization problem and efficient algorithms are developed for practical production. This project will provide new NC machining process optimization theory and technology to promote free-form surface machining level.

数控加工技术在制造业中占有重要地位。在数控加工中采用加工过程优化技术，不仅有利于提升数控加工设备的制造能力，而且能产生重大经济效益。本项目以自由曲面的数控切削加工过程为研究对象，研究适合自由曲面切削加工的刀具路径规划方法和加工参数优化方法。具体包括：提出基于等高线法和边界曲线特征的曲面分割方法进行曲面分割，采用映射法逐个生成单个曲面的螺旋型路径，利用类电磁机制（EM）算法优化连接各螺旋型路径，生成覆盖整个曲面的连续路径，为加工参数优化提供理论和实验基础；根据单目标加工参数优化模型，结合EM算法，设计反映切削加工优化问题本质的高效优化方法，为加工参数优化问题的求解提供解决方法；综合动力学建模、多目标理论、区间规划理论等，构建多约束、多目标和不确定条件下的加工参数优化问题模型，提出高效求解算法。本项目将为自由曲面数控加工过程优化提供新理论与技术，为自由曲面的高效加工提供支持。

本项目针对数控切削加工过程优化中的几个关键问题进行研究，包括类电磁机制算法的优化机理研究，多约束、多目标的切削加工参数优化问题研究，基于加工效率的刀具路径优化问题研究。针对类电磁机制（EM）算法存在的不足，提出了一种TLEM算法，该算法简化了EM算法的合力计算过程，引入了移动概率对移动公式进行修正，结合教与学优化(TLBO)算法弥补了EM算法局部搜索能力不足的问题；针对切削加工参数优化问题，改进了TLEM算法的电量计算公式，并采用一种可行域与支配规则来处理约束，将算法从无约束优化领域推广到带约束优化领域，提出了一种用于解决加工参数优化问题的有效方法；针对刀具路径优化问题，建立加工效率与刀具路径的数学模型，提出一种刀触点生成方法，并利用TLEM算法对其进行求解，得到模型曲面的优化路径，仿真实验证明了方法的有效性。在本项目的支持下，已发表学术论文6篇，其中SCI\EI期刊论文4篇，会议论文1篇，申请发明专利3项，参加学术会议5人次，培养研究生1人。