高风电渗透率孤立电网的运行与控制方法研究

Combined with the rapid growth of the power demand in western region of China and the present situation of wind power resources waste, a new wind power utility mode, as a supplement of large scale wind power remote transmission, is discussed. By researching on the complementarity of high energy-consuming loads and wind power, an isolated power grid with high-level wind power penetration is constructed, in which wind power, conventional power and high energy-consuming loads are in complementary operation. The key features that the isolated power grid with high-level wind power penetration distinguishing from the traditional power grid can be detailed in two aspects, the one is the balance randomly drifting in a wide range, the other is the small inertia characteristic. The characteristic of wind power fluctuating is decomposed into expectation value and forecast error in this project. The outputs of conventional generators are regulated to follow the expectation value of wind power through optimal operation. The operation aim is to realize the minimum wind power curtailments and minimum fuel costs in addition to maintain the frequency and voltage quality of the isolated power grid. Based on the research of distribution profiles and edge profiles of wind power forecast errors, the frequency deviations and voltage deviations of the isolated power grid are predicted. The frequency and voltage regulation strategies are applied to maintain the power quality of the isolated power grid. In emergency, the control of high-energy consuming loads are employed to balance the isolated power grid. By considering the interaction of frequency and voltage in the isolated power grid, a new idea that the active and reactive power control coordinately to utilize the wind power to the maximum is proposed.

结合我国西部地区电力需求的快速增长以及风电资源的闲置浪费的现状，本项目探讨了一种新的风电就地消纳模式，作为大规模风电远距离传输的补充。通过研究本地高耗能负荷与风电的互补性，构建风电、常规电源和高耗能负荷互补运行的高风电渗透率孤立电网。高风电渗透率孤立电网运行区别于传统大电网运行的关键特征在于高风电渗透率导致的平衡点大范围随机漂移以及孤立电网的小惯量特性。本项目将风电功率波动分解为期望值和预测误差，通过优化调度，调整常规机组来跟踪风电功率的期望值，在保证孤立电网频率和电压前提下，实现弃风最小以及燃料成本最小。通过对风电功率预测误差部分的分布特性、边界特性的研究，对系统频率偏差和电压偏差进行预测，并根据预测结果进行频率电压调节，保证孤立电网的电能质量。紧急情况下，将高耗能负荷引入到孤立电网控制中来，综合考虑孤立电网频率与电压的相互作用，提出频率电压协调控制以最大程度消纳风电的新思路。

本课题针对含高渗透率风电孤立电网运行与控制难题，从风电功率随机波动性刻画、孤立电网建模、孤立电网优化调度以及孤立电网安全运行等方面开展了系统深入的研究，取得了丰硕的创新性研究成果。.（1）建立了一套完整的表征风电功率随机性和相关性的条件概率分布体系，即截断通用分布模型、截断通用分布的混合形式和基于截断通用分布的混合形式和Couple理论的多风电场条件联合分布模型，提出了一种考虑多风电场时空相关性的高效场景生成技术，实现了风电功率预测误差的精确拟合和大规模随机优化问题的快速解析求解。.（2）建立了电解铝、矿热炉以及多晶硅等高耗能工业负荷频率电压耦合的功率调节模型，深入挖掘了高耗能工业负荷的功率调节潜力，实现了高耗能负荷由不可控向深度快速变负荷能力的转变，解决了利用高耗能负荷侧响应能力平抑风电功率波动的难题。.（3）提出了将风电场尾流效应及风速不确定性同时纳入到风电场调度模型的风电场内随机优化调度方法，提高了风电场优化调度模型的可行性；提出了含单风电场记忆多风电场电力系统随机经济调度方法，所提出的算法使多风电场电力系统随机经济调度模型能够包含足够数量的风电功率场景，避免了场景削减技术对随机性表征精度的降低。.（4）提出了含高渗透率风电孤立电网动态电压控制策略，基于广域信息简化等效模型，采用Padé近似法补偿广域控制时延；将非线性动态电压控制转化为易于处理的线性二次型跟踪控制，提高了孤立电网的快速动态电压响应特性；提出了基于深度快速变负荷开关技术的含风电孤立电网自动发电控制策略，进一步发掘了孤立电网中火电机组的调节潜力，提高了孤立电网安全运行裕度。.（5）提出了含高渗透率风电孤立电网频率电压协调控制策略，发明了引入频率反馈的发电机励磁电压调节方法，突破了含高渗透率风电孤立电网的频率-电压协调控制技术瓶颈，实现了孤立电网频率与电压的耦合控制。.（6）搭建了孤立电网频率电压协调控制硬件在环仿真平台，研制了基于广域信息的含高渗透率风电孤立电网频率电压协调控制系统，实现了该系统在实际含高渗透率风电的孤立电网的工业应用，保障该孤立电网的安全稳定运行。.课题发表了SCI论文16篇，EI论文19篇；授权国家发明专利8项，登记软件著作权1项；获湖北省技术发明一等奖一项，贵州省科技进步奖二等奖一项。培养博士4名，硕士12名