有机磷农药与黄芪根际微生物多样性及黄芪品质相关性研究

The serious influnce on Radix Astragali rhizosphere microbial diversity and quality of Radix Astragali have been caused by organophosphorus pesticides heavily used in Chinese herbal medicine planting. At present,correlation study on organophosphorus pesticides with microbial diversity in Radix Astragali rhizosphere and Radix Astragali quality has not been reported.In this study, four different organophosphorus pesticides (Methyl parathion, Phoxim, Dimethoate, Methyl isofenphos) will be used to prevent Radix Astragali seeding from harmful biological invasion existing in planting soil.The Radix Astragali rhizosphere soil and mdicine roots collected in different growth periods and pesticide concentrations as the object of study,microbial diversity, physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity, pesticide residue and isolation and identification of degrading microorganisms existing in Radix Astragali rhizosphere soil, and principal component analysis of Radix Astragali root were studied by high throughput sequencing technology,high-performance liquid chromatography method, gas chromatography means, and other technologies.The data obtained from the samples were used to clarify correlation of rhizosphere microbial diversity with quality of Radix Astragali growing in organophosphorus pesticide conditions and biological degradation mechanism about organophosphorus pesticide. The results got from the study can provide scientific support for sensible use of phosphorus pesticide, effective control and protection of diseases and pest living in Radix Astragali rhizosphere, soil microbial diversity,optimization of the soil micro ecological balance,improvement of Radix Astragali quality.

黄芪种植中有机磷农药的广泛应用，对其根际微生物多样性和品质产生了严重影响。目前，有关有机磷农药应用与黄芪根际微生物多样性和黄芪品质相关性研究未见报道。本课题以四种常用有机磷农药(辛硫磷,甲基对硫磷,乐果,甲基异柳磷)为黄芪栽培土壤中有害生物的防治剂，以不同生长期和药物浓度作用的黄芪根际土壤和药根为研究对象，应用高通测序、高效液相色谱、气相色谱等技术方法进行黄芪根际土壤微生物多样性组成、土壤理化性质和活性、有机磷农药残留与降解菌株的分离和鉴定以及黄芪主成分分析的研究，阐明有机磷农药作用下黄芪根际微生物多样性与黄芪品质的相关性及有机磷农药的生物降解机制。本研究可为有机磷农药的合理使用、黄芪病虫害有效防治、土壤微生物多样性保护、促进土壤微生态平衡和提高黄芪品质奠定基础。

本项目依据当前黄芪种植过程有机磷农药使用的现状为基础，以黄芪及其根际土壤为研究对象，通过四种常用有机磷农药（辛硫磷，甲基对硫磷，乐果，甲基异柳磷）三个不同浓度干预黄芪栽培，采集不同生长期和药物浓度作用的黄芪根际土壤和药根。应用比色法、免疫化学分析法、高通测序、高效液相色谱、气相色谱等技术检测黄芪根际土壤微生物多样性组成、土壤理化性质和酶活性、有机磷农药残留与降解效率以及黄芪主要成分含量。结果表明：辛硫磷、乐果、甲基异柳磷、甲基对硫磷对黄芪根际土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、pH等理化性质，过氧化氢酶、脲酶、中性蛋白酶和磷酸酶等土壤酶活性、专土壤微生物多样性与结构及黄芪药根中有效成分的含量有不同程度的影响；相关性分析显示四种机磷农药的应用，与黄芪根际微生物多样性和黄芪有效成分之间存在着一定的相关性。由此可见，有机磷农药直接或间接作用于黄芪或改变土壤微生物多样性结构，可引起黄芪品质和土壤理化性质的改变。这对阐明有机磷农药作用下黄芪根际微生物多样性与黄芪品质的相关性及有机磷农药的生物降解机制、指导有机磷农药的合理使用、黄芪病虫害有效防治、土壤微生物多样性保护、促进土壤微生态平衡和提高黄芪品质具有重要的意义。