蒙脱石阴阳有机离子修饰、表征及其对四环素迁移转化的影响机制

Montmorillonite is an important component of clay mineral in soils and have a significant influence on the biogeochemical cycles and environmental effects of the elements in supergene environments. Currently, residues of veterinary, especially tetracycline are quite persistent in the environment. In this study, we will use different type organic cation and anion modifying the montmorillonite and prepare a variety of organo-montmorillonites. The formation processes, structural characteristics, stability, and surface properties of the organo-montmorillonites will be studied by means of combining various characterization and some physical and chemical theories. Moreover, the influence mechanisms of the organo-montmorillonites on the migration and transformation of tetracycline will be investigated by adsorption and desorption experiments, modern testing techniques, and interfacial adsorption models. According to its formation conditions, the organo-montmorillonite with high stability and active surface will be cultivated to restore the contaminated environment by tetracycline. The main aims of this work are to reveal the formation characteristics and the physical and chemical properties of organo-montmorillonites, and to gain understanding of the biogeochemical cycles of tetracycline, and also to obtain some practical instructions for the remediation of tetracycline soils, which is very significant to the ecosystem health and human safety.

蒙脱石是土壤粘土矿物的重要组成部分，对表生环境中污染物质的迁移转化具有重要影响。当前，多数环境中普遍存在四环素持留的问题。为此，本项目拟以蒙脱石矿物为材料，通过有机离子修饰，合成不同阴阳离子的有机蒙脱石矿物；根据表征结果与胶体化学基础理论，揭示有机蒙脱石矿物的合成过程及其影响因素，分析其结构特征、稳定性和表面性质；设计吸附/解吸实验，运用表观实验数据、现代测试技术以及界面吸附模型，探讨有机蒙脱石矿物对抗生素迁移转化的影响机制；根据有机蒙脱石矿物的合成条件，在土壤中培育稳定性强、表面活性高的有机蒙脱石矿物，修复受四环素类兽药抗生素污染土壤。本研究有助于揭示不同类型有机蒙脱石矿物的合成过程及理化性质，丰富环境污染控制理论，在实践中可为受抗生素土壤的治理提供科学依据。

蒙脱石作为具有比表面积大、稳定性好、吸附性能强、离子交换等特性，在环境修复中既是一种非常强的吸附材料，也是有机修饰粘土矿物制备的一种重要的载体。阴-阳离子有机离子修饰的蒙脱石既可用吸附表生环境中的污染物质，也可作为修复受污染土壤的一种处理材料。本项目以天然蒙脱石为研究材料，通过合成不同类型阴阳有机离子修饰的蒙脱石，揭示有机蒙脱石的合成过程及其影响因素。通过分析其结构特征、稳定性和表面性质，运用表观实验数据及界面吸附模型，探讨有机修饰蒙脱石对环境中有机污染物的影响机制。截止目前为止，我们对单一修饰有机蒙脱石进行了合成机制及影响因素的探讨，并对环境中导致富营养化的物质氮、磷及重要环境污染物重金属进行了界面吸附模型研究，取得了一定的研究进展，然而遗憾的是，尚未获得理想的阴阳有机离子修饰的蒙脱石。