三维编织复合材料高速储能飞轮多尺度拓扑优化设计方法研究

Flywheel for energy storage is a new, efficient and green energy technology, which has been used widely in the fields of aerospace, smart grid, etc. The current filament wound composite flywheel has high strength in the circumferential direction, but very low strength in the radial direction. This defect limits the energy storage capacity of the flywheel. Essentially, this is a problem of improperly matching the material properties with the flywheel structure. In this research project, a method of multi-scale, macro-meso-micro scales, concurrent topology optimization of structure and material is proposed for the 3D braided composite energy storage flywheel to solve the problem of mismatch of “structure and material”, so that energy storage capacity of the flywheel can be greatly improved. To achieve this, two key problems, clarifying the multi-scale coupling mechanism of composite structure and its material and developing an algorithm of multi-scale concurrent topology optimization of structure and material must be settled. In this research project, based on thoroughly researching the accurate prediction method of the effective properties of 3D braided composite and establishing a model of the coupling mechanism for structure and material, a multi-scale concurrent topology optimization method for the 3D braided composite energy storage flywheel is presented. Meanwhile, macro-scale topology configuration of the flywheel, meso-scale spatial arrangement of the fiber bundle and micro-scale distribution patterns of the fiber and matrix materials in the fiber bundle will be also revealed. The research will be of great significance in promoting the lightweight design of high-power and high rotating speed composite flywheel for energy storage and extending theories and methods for innovative design of the composite structure.

飞轮储能是一种高效、环保的新型能源技术，在航空航天、智能电网等领域应用广泛。目前缠绕成型的复合材料飞轮环向强度很高但径向强度却很低，限制了飞轮储能性能，究其根本是由于飞轮结构与材料性能没有合理匹配。本课题针对三维编织复合材料储能飞轮，提出一种结构-材料一体化的宏、细、微观多尺度协同的拓扑优化方法，解决复合材料储能飞轮结构与材料不匹配问题，大大提高飞轮储能性能。为此，明确复合材料结构与材料多尺度耦合机理，开发结构-材料多尺度协同的拓扑优化算法成为了问题的关键。本课题拟在深入研究三维编织复合材料有效性能精确预测方法、建立结构-材料多尺度耦合模型的基础上，提出三维编织复合材料储能飞轮多尺度协同拓扑优化方法，揭示飞轮宏观拓扑构型、细观尺度纤维束空间走向以及微观尺度纤维束中纤维和基体分布的规律。研究成果对促进大功率、高转速复合材料储能飞轮轻量化设计，拓展复合材料结构创新设计理论及方法具有重要意义。

复合材料以其优越的材料性能，在工业中的应用越来越广泛。大部分的复合材料都具有各项异性的特点，而复合材料方向的布置对结构性能影响极大，因此在结构设计时应考虑材料方向的最优布置问题。本研究针对正交各向异性材料结构，提出一种结构/材料/材料方向一体化多尺度协同的拓扑优化方法，解决结构与材料不匹配问题，进一步提高结构的设计性能。通过深入各向异性材料方向优化方法、周期微结构材料有效性能精确预测方法，建立了结构-材料多尺度耦合模型，提出了结构/材料多尺度协同的拓扑优化方法，揭示了宏观结构拓扑构型、材料微观结构拓扑构型及微结构材料方向分布之间的耦合规律。并以此为基础，开发了结构/材料一体化拓扑优化设计软件平台，对复合材料储能飞轮进行了初步设计。研究结果表明，结构/材料/材料方向一体化设计将大大提高结构的设计性能。研究成果对促进先进结构轻量化设计，拓展复合材料结构创新设计理论及方法具有重要意义。