多桨多舵互扰现象及其对内河船舶操纵性和快速性的影响研究

As the carrier of inland waterway transportation, the optimal design of inland vessels is fundamental to exploit the advantages of large capacity, low cost, and low consumption. It is also of great significance to further promote the development of the economy of cities along the Yangtze River and the modernization of inland shipping. At present, the research in the field of ship design mainly takes seagoing ships as reference ships. Very little research has been performed for inland vessels specifically. However, inland vessels and seagoing ships are different in various perspectives. Particularly, inland vessels commonly fit multiple propellers and multiple rudders while seagoing ships mainly equip a single propeller and a single rudder. First, this research starts with the study of multiple-propeller multiple-rudder interactions by identifying the key impact factors on the performance of propellers and rudders. Furthermore, physical phenomena multiple-propeller multiple-rudder interactions will be described in a mathematical way. Second, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods will be utilised with physical model tests to investigate the influences of design parameters on the efficiency of the propellers and the effectiveness of the rudders. Accordingly, new regression formulas, which take multiple-propeller multiple-rudder interactions into account, will be proposed to improve the manoeuvring model for inland vessels. Last but not least, the impacts of multiple-propeller multiple-rudder interactions on inland vessel manoeuvrability, ship speed and resistance will be analysed by combining the results of CFD simulations and manoeuvring simulations. The results of this research can be further applied to other ship types, which need high performance in ship manoeuvrability, speed, and resistance. Moreover, this research is essential to further study on smart ships, intelligent ships and unmanned ships.

作为内河运输的载体，内河船舶的优化设计是发挥内河航运运量大、成本低、能耗小等优势的重要基础，对促进长江经济带的进一步发展、推动我国内河航运的现代化转变具有重要意义，但目前国内外以内河船舶为代表船型的专项研究较少。本项目针对内河船舶多桨多舵配布的特点，通过辨识互扰现象的关键影响因子及其对多桨多舵整体推进系统输出的作用，对多桨多舵互扰现象进行物理描述和数学表达；以计算流体力学数值（CFD）实验为主、物理模型水池实验为辅，测算多桨多舵互扰现象对各个桨、舵的效能影响，提出桨力、舵力、桨舵互扰力计算修正公式，完善多桨多舵内河船舶运动模型，构建内河船舶运动仿真平台；结合CFD实验结果和船舶运动仿真平台分析多桨多舵互扰现象对船舶操纵性和快速性的影响。本项目的研究成果可推广至其它对操纵性和快速性有较高要求的船型，同时为船舶智能化、无人化发展奠定基础。

本项目在国家自然科学基金委的资助下，围绕船舶多桨多舵配布的特点，研究桨、舵、船互扰关系及其对内河船舶操纵性与快速性的影响。以计算流体力学仿真及模型船试验为手段，通过辨识桨舵互扰的关键影响因子，设计仿真实验方案，分析湍流模型、网格划分等对计算精度的影响；计算KP505、襟翼舵等代表性桨型、舵型的特征参数，并对桨、舵仿真计算精度进行验证，进而开展了单桨单舵、双桨双舵等不同工况的仿真计算，提出桨力、舵力、桨舵互扰力计算方法；完善多桨多舵内河船舶运动模型，并通过KVLCC2、KCS等标准船型和典型内河3500吨级油船、6700吨级散货船为对象进行模型验证；构建内河船舶运动仿真平台，重点研究了内河双桨双舵64集装箱船的操纵性能与快速性能，总结了船型参数对双桨双舵内河船舶操纵性能的影响。本项目研究成果对多桨多舵内河船舶操纵仿真、船型优化、运动控制等研究提供了新思路。本项目共出版英文学术专著1本；发表高水平期刊论文9篇；发表学术会议论文13篇；授权发明专利4项、受理发明专利9项；授权软件著作权6项；线上/线下参加国际学术会议7次；受邀出席国际会议/论坛并做大会主题报告3次；培养1名博士生，2名硕士生。