雹胚形成及演变的微物理环境与热动力特征的观测研究

Disasters of hailstorms are rather serious in China. Comprehensive observations of hailstorms will be carried out at the natural hailstorm observation base, Weining, where is located in the west part of Guizhou province, by using X band dual polarization radar, C band Doppler radar, soundings, automatic weather stations, hail pads, raindrop spectrometers in the project. On the basis of the identification of hydrometeors in hail clouds by the dual polarization radar, the observation study on the microphysical environment and thermodynamic characteristics of formation and evolution of hail embryos will be explored. The results of the observation study will be compared with the simulated ones of mesoscale WRF model and the cloud model for revealing the microphysical and thermodynamic processes which are advantageous to the increase of hail embryos, and the interaction mechanism between each other. The conceptual model for those will also be established. The necessary theoretical foundation and technical supports will be provided for the warning and forecasting of hailstorms, as well as the artificial hail suppression in the project.

我国是受冰雹灾害影响较为严重的国家。本项目将于天然雹暴观测试验基地贵州西部的威宁，利用X波段双线偏振雷达、C波段多普勒雷达、探空、自动气象站、测雹板、雨滴谱仪等观测设备，开展雹暴天气系统的综合观测。在利用双线偏振雷达对雹云中水成物粒子识别的基础上，对雹云中雹胚的形成、增长及其演变的微物理环境和热动力特征进行深入的观测研究，并与中尺度WRF模式及云模式数值模拟结果进行比对；揭示利于雹胚长大的微物理与热动力过程，以及二者之间的相互作用机制，并建立概念模型；为雹暴天气的预警预报及人工消雹，提供必要的理论基础和技术支撑。

本项目于天然雹暴观测与人工防雹试验基地贵州西部的威宁，重点利用X波段双线偏振雷达、C波段多普勒雷达、探空、自动气象站、测雹板、雨滴谱仪等观测设备，开展雹暴天气系统的综合观测。其中，X波段双线偏振雷达数据经过退折叠、滤波、自适应衰减订正后,运用Barnes插值方法对偏振参量进行插值,并结合改进的粒子识别算法实现雹暴系统中水成物粒子的识别。基于此，对单体与多单体雹暴系统中雹胚的形成、增长及其演变的微物理环境和热动力特征进行深入的观测研究，并与中尺度WRF模式及云模式数值模拟结果进行比对；揭示单体与多单体雹暴系统中利于雹胚长大的微物理与热动力过程，以及二者之间的相互作用机制，并建立了相应的概念模型；为雹暴天气的预警预报及人工防雹，可提供必要的理论基础和技术支撑。本项目已发表论文29篇（其中SCI文章12篇），出版论著6部，授权发明专利5项。相关研究成果具有较好的推广应用潜力。