锁扣式接缝预制混凝土剪力墙及其受力性能研究

The development of assembled structure is a significant change for the construction method. Among these, the precast concrete structure is an important method for the realization of industrialization. New precast concrete members, which are connected with a latch-fastener joint, are proposed to construct a new type precast shear wall structure, This project will mainly focus on the research of the shear wall. In the precast concrete member, numerous transverse recesses are disposed in the longitudinal edge at intervals, which intersect with the longitudinal hole adjacent to the longitudinal edge. After the installation of precast members in place, horizontal reinforcements are arranged in the transverse recesses and vertical bars are arranged in the longitudinal hole. The latch-fastener joint is subsequently formed by pouring concrete into the transverse recesses and longitudinal hole. Due to the fact that no anchor reinforcements stretch out from the longitudinal edge of the precast concrete member, this type of shear wall is convenient to be fabricated and installed. In addition, by this latch-fastener joint, the shear transfer mechanism at the interface between new and old concrete is changed to the shear mechanism in the concrete, leading to a good integrity. In general, the new shear wall structure has notable advantages in novel configuration, excellent mechanical behavior and high industrialization degree. This project aims to study the key configuration, mechanical behavior and seismic performance of this new shear wall through comprehensively experimental research, numerical analysis and theoretical study, mainly including: ① Joint configurations and corresponding impact on the mechanical behavior of this new precast shear wall. ②Investigation on the mechanical behavior of this new precast shear wall under bending and shear force, theoretical model for the calculation of load bearing capacity and design formulas for this precast shear wall. ③ Seismic performance and hysteretic model for this precast shear wall.

发展装配式建筑是建造方式的重大变革，预制混凝土结构是重要方式和手段。本项目提出带横向凹槽的预制混凝土构件及锁扣式接缝，构造出新型预制混凝土剪力墙结构。带横向凹槽的预制混凝土构件内开有纵向孔洞，纵向边缘间隔设置横向凹槽，与靠近边缘的纵向孔洞相交；将预制混凝土构件安装就位后，在横向凹槽处设置横向钢筋，在纵向孔洞内插入纵向钢筋，与横向钢筋形成骨架，浇筑混凝土形成锁扣式接缝。带横向凹槽的预制混凝土构件侧面未伸出锚连钢筋，制作、安装方便；锁扣式接缝将新老混凝土的界面抗剪机制转变为混凝土的抗剪机制，整体性强。新型剪力墙结构构造新颖，受力性能良好，工业化水平高。本项目拟采用试验研究、数值分析和理论研究相结合的方法，研究新型剪力墙受力性能，包括：①研究新型剪力墙的接缝构造及其受力机理；②研究新型剪力墙的受弯性能和受剪性能，建立承载力计算理论模型和设计公式；③研究新型剪力墙的抗震性能，提出墙体恢复力模型。

本项目提出了一种不出筋全预制装配整体式剪力墙结构体系—锁扣式接缝装配整体式剪力墙（以下简称“新型剪力墙”），其以设置锁扣构造的预制墙板作为基本装配单元，通过在锁扣构造的横向凹槽内放置连接钢筋，沿纵向孔洞穿插纵向钢筋，浇筑混凝土后实现装配单元的连接，满足装配式建筑结构预制墙板标准化、接口标准化要求。本项目设计了20个足尺剪力墙试件的拟静力试验以及5个试件的直剪试验，研究了锁扣式接缝的合理构造对其连接性能的影响；探究了轴压比、剪跨比、水平钢筋配筋量、边缘构件纵向钢筋配筋量等关键参数对新型剪力墙受力性能的影响，研究结果表明，锁扣式接缝受力合理，连接可靠，新型剪力墙满足“等同现浇”的设计目标；锁扣式接缝的横向凹槽底面是接缝的薄弱环节，可避免墙体发生剪切破坏，改善变形能力，对墙体受剪承载力影响较小，不影响受弯承载力。通过直剪试验，研究、分析了横向凹槽深度、纵孔尺寸等构造以及结合面粗糙度等对锁扣接缝受力性能的影响，建议了锁扣式接缝合理构造。通过具有不同构造竖向接缝墙体的拟静力试验，研究了横向凹槽深度、纵孔尺寸、水平连接钢筋和竖向钢筋等参数对墙体竖向接缝的影响，建立了反映墙体接缝受力机理的理论分析模型，建议了竖向接缝实用设计方法。研究了墙体的受剪性能，分析了轴压比、剪跨比、水平钢筋配筋量以及边缘纵筋配筋量等关键参数对新型剪力墙的受剪性能影响，建议了受剪承载力计算方法。研究了新型剪力墙的受弯性能，建议了受弯承载力计算公式；提出了新型剪力墙恢复力模型，分析了关键参数对抗震性能的影响，建议了相关构造措施。基于本项目的研究成果，主编了协会标准《齿槽拼缝装配整体式剪力墙结构技术规程》（T/CECS 1014-2022），审查会专家认为规程编制过程中开展了大量试验研究，创新提出了一种装配整体式剪力墙结构及其设计方法，总体达到国际先进水平，对该结构的工程应用具有指导意义。