鞘翅目昆虫关联螨分类及其协同进化形态稽证

There exist multitudinous relationships between the insects and the mites, two important groups in the animal kingdom, and these mites are commonly recognized as the insect-associated mites. The mite-coleopteran relationship and species diversity of the coleopteron-associated mites have being received significant attention worldwide due to the Coleoptera is the largest order of the insects and the associated mites have great potential against pest. As entering the 21st century, the taxonomic progress has being achieved with new taxa description of the associated mites and the theory or hypotheses for mite-insect coevolution appeared now and then. However, there two main aspect of the associated mite should be constantly pushed forward now and for the future. One is the taxonomics of the insect-associated mites with emphasizing on the mite species diversity because the key biodiversity area, especially China, of the world, is still little known. Another one is to have the morphological evidences for the present coevolution theories of the mite-insect association. The proposed project, therefore, will primarily focus on the taxonomy of the coleopteran-associated mites collected all over China in order to understand faunal feature and the mite species resources. The project, meanwhile, will undertake a comparative study on the morphological formation and development, with comparing either interspecies or intraspecies differences, in order to illuminate mite tectonic evolution trends in the different association patterns of mite-coleopteran. Through phylogenetic analysis based on morphological character data sets, it is expected that the mite-insect coevolution hypotheses would be renewed with persuasive evidences of morphology. The results achieved by the project could greatly increase species resources of coleopteran-associated mites, advance research level in the mite phylogeny and mite-insect coevolution for China.. The applicant and colleagues have previously made field surveys on the coleopteron-associated mites in 16 provinces of China and have plenty mite collections. The conditions are sufficient for substantial study of the proposed project.

蜱螨与昆虫两大动物类群间具有复杂多样的关联关系，这些螨类统称昆虫关联螨。应鞘翅目（甲虫）是动物界界最大目，其关联螨具有害虫生防利用潜力，螨-甲虫关系备受重视。进入21世纪后，国际甲虫关联螨的分类研究持续取得进展，协同进化新理论时有出现。但存在含中国在内的世界重要地区甲虫关联螨区系不明、协同进化学说缺乏形态佐证这两个科学问题。为此，本项目重点开展以下研究：全面采集中国甲虫关联螨进行分类研究，确鉴已知单元和发现新物种，明确其中国区系面貌；开展不同关联型螨的种间比较形态学研究、特定发育阶段关联的代表种全形态研究，阐明不同关联型螨的形态适应表现；整合形态特征数据集，分析螨-甲虫协同进化趋势，提出协同进化观点并予举证。本研究有助于提升我国在甲虫关联螨物种资源、系统发育及其与载体昆虫协同进化等方面的研究水平。. 申请人已对16个省份调查，有大量标本积累，前期基础好，具备开展实质研究工作的充分条件。

鞘翅目昆虫（甲虫）关联螨物种十分丰富，具有害虫生防利用潜力。进入二十一世纪后，国际甲虫关联螨的分类研究持续取得进展，但包括中国在内的世界重要地区甲虫关联螨区系不明、协同进化或适应性进化形态特征研究不够。本项目基于全面调查采集，对中国甲虫关联螨进行了基于比较和个体形态发育的分类和系统发育研究。本项目发现了系列新分类单元和中国新纪录分类单元，修订了问题属，厘定了误鉴或存疑属种的分类地位。迄本报告，项目组已发表甲虫关联螨计含7个科（寄螨科、厚厉螨科、镰螨科、巨须螨科、真螨科、吻体螨科、赤螨科）、12个亚科、31个属、56种，其中：中国新纪录科1个，中国新纪录亚科1个；新属1个，中国新纪录属8个；新种48个，中国新纪录种3个，新组合3个；首次记述1已知种雌雄成螨和1个已知种雄成螨；修订完善了裸革螨属、糙革螨属、叉革螨属、梅革螨属、蝶形拟巨须螨属、开依丽赤螨属、丹赤螨属、伊赤螨属等8个属的属征；编制了世界和中国物种分类鉴定检索表；代表类群巨须螨科和赤螨科中国区系构成的基本格局是属级和种级单元均以东洋界成分为优势区系，古北界成分为次优区系。基于比较形态学系统地评价了主要类群寄螨科、巨须螨科和赤螨科在科级、属级和种级水平上的分类特征，揭示了各类群重要结构及特征在个体形态发育中的渐进变化规律。整合形态数据集解析寄螨科、巨须螨科和赤螨科的系统发育，明晰了这些类群高采信分类地位或其归类存疑的属级单元。解析中气门螨类代表类群寄螨科和前气门螨类代表类群（赤螨科）的食性和取食方式，阐释了它们的适应性进化结构及特征，如螯肢、须肢趾节、足跗节等结构与寄生、捕食等取食方式相适应的演化特征。本项目取得成果提升了我国甲虫关联螨物种资源和螨-甲虫关系研究水平，为进一步完善甲虫关联螨相关类群的分类体系和认识螨与载体甲虫间的协同进化提供了新的基础资料和线索。