城市降雨径流控制LID-BMPs适用措施布局优化及实证研究

Urbanization process brought various urban runoff problems such as increasing runoff volume, increasing peak flow, and contaminating water environment, which begin to attract more and more concerns and attentions. Traditional drainage system would no longer satisfy the sustainable urban runoff management requirements. Recently, low impact development best management practices (LID-BMPs) for urban runoff with the core concept of "nature and multi-function" become more and more popular in the west counties. Nowadays, China is in the process of rapid urbanization. It is very urgent to learn from advanced concept and practical experiences abroad and to ameliorate our own urban runoff control and management planning system. However, there are many kinds of LID-BMPs technologies, it is important to select the suitable LID-BMPs and then draft a optimization layout planning according to the local natural and social conditions. .Hence, based on the needs of China's urban construction, focusing on the control and management of urban runoff, non-point sources pollutants reduction and the construction of ecological city, the selection and layout optimization of suitable LID-BMPs for urban runoff control would be selected as a study target. First, based on the research of urban runoff LID-BMP studies and practices both in China and abroad, the technical and economic characteristics of commonly used LID-BMPs would be analyzed and synthesized. Then an assessment system would be established with criteria on LID-BMPs site suitability, performance evaluation, and cost & maintenance. And then urban runoff simulation model, optimization model, GIS, database and expert system technology would be integrated to develop a planning scenario simulation and optimization system; Based on field information, local landscape planning, a LID-BMPs Layout planning which include objectives setting of runoff control, baseline analysis of development site, screening of suitable LID-BMPs, development of runoff simulation and LID-BMPs optimization model, optimization of LID-BMPs construction scheme would be proposed. Finally, the Tang Yin's former residence culture zone in Suzhou city which is now under construction was selected as a case study. In addition, pilot LID-BMPs project would be built in this area and site monitoring to estimate the effects and performances of the LID-BMPs would be conducted.

基于城市建设对降雨径流控制和管理的需求，着眼于城市防汛、污染物削减和生态市建设等，借鉴西方国家在利用LID-BMPs措施控制城市降雨径流方面的经验和总结我国在该领域的探索和实践，研究各类LID-BMPs措施的技术经济特征，建立我国城市降雨径流控制LID-BMPs数据库；构建基于场地自然、社会特征的LID-BMPs措施筛选指标体系，开发面向规划设计人员的LID-BMPs筛选专家系统；集成城市降雨径流专业模拟模型、优化模型、GIS、数据库、专家系统等技术，建立城市降雨径流LID-BMPs措施规划情景模拟与优化系统；研究基于场地信息筛选出的各种LID-BMPs措施之间耦合和集成优化，结合场地建设规划、景观方案等，从选址、布局方面给出LID-BMPs规划情景方案，利用开发的规划情景模拟与优化系统进行情景模拟、优化和功效分析。最后以在建的苏州市桃花坞唐寅文化故居区作为研究对象，进行实证研究。

城市降雨径流带来的非点源污染逐步成为城市水环境恶化的主要因素，对城市径流进行控制，削减其负面影响已经成为建设生态城市中的关键环节和重要内容。基于城市建设对降雨径流控制和管理的需求，着眼于城市防涝、污染物削减和生态市建设等，本研究借鉴国外在利用LID-BMPs措施控制城市降雨径流方面的经验和总结我国在该领域的探索和实践，尤其是近年来海绵城市建设的实践，研究各类LID-BMPs措施的技术经济特征，初步建立了我国城市降雨径流控制LID-BMPs数据库；构建了基于场地自然、社会特征的LID-BMPs措施筛选指标体系，开发了面向规划设计人员的LID-BMPs筛选专家系统；并且集成城市降雨径流专业模拟模型、优化模型、GIS、数据库、专家系统等技术，建立了城市降雨径流LID-BMPs措施规划情景模拟与优化系统；在此基础上，选择苏州和佛山的典型区域为研究案例，通过现场监测和评估，研究了不同城市功能区具有代表性的下垫面（路面和屋面等）降雨径流中污染物空间分布特征、动态变化特征以及影响因素。并结合苏州市桃花坞片区、佛山新城、广东省环境保护职业学院佛山校区的建设规划方案，基于场地信息筛选出的各种LID-BMPs措施之间耦合和集成优化，从选址、布局方面给出LID-BMPs规划情景方案，利用开发的规划情景模拟与优化系统进行情景模拟、优化和功效分析，最后给出了上述典型区域开发的LID-BMPs布局优化规划方案。研究结果表明，LID-BMPs规划情景模拟与优化系统不仅可以减少城市内涝，改善水体环境，而且可以提高LID建设的投入产出比，为我国海绵城市规划建设提供技术支持。