深部巷道围岩稳定性控制物理模型实验研究

The stability control and monitoring of surrounding rock on deep roadway is a worldwide problem in the field of mining and rock mechanics .The reasons are as follows: 1. The traditional bolt materials often cannot resist large deformation and failure of surrounding rock and is broken under the impact of surrounding rock load, which resulting in the failure of the surrounding rock support and monitoring systems, and it is unable to achieve effective control and monitoring for the stability of roadway surrounding rock. 2.The conventional monitoring method is on the basis of displacement monitoring which is not the sufficient condition but the necessary one for the roadway stability. To solve the above problems, the project designs the physical model experiment of the stability control of surrounding rock on deep roadway by the micro monitoring bolts with constant resistance and large deformation, comparative analysis the stability control effect of surrounding rock on deep roadway and the difference of mechanical monitoring curve between new anchor and conventional bolt, analyses the indoor and field calculation results for key parameters optimization by numerical simulation, and combining the above research together ,establishes the early warning criteria and forms a set of perfect mechanical monitoring and early warning method for deep roadway stability.

深部巷道围岩稳定性控制及监测是采矿和岩石力学领域的世界性难题，其主要原因是：1.常规锚杆材料在围岩冲击荷载作用下往往无法抵抗巷道围岩大变形破坏而被拉断，导致整个围岩支护和监测系统的失效，无法实现巷道围岩稳定性有效控制和监测。2.常规巷道稳定性监测得到的监测信息是矿压作用下巷道变形与破坏的显现，是巷道失稳的必要条件，而非充分条件，因此不能作为巷道围岩失稳预报的主要依据，这是目前国内外巷道失稳无法超前预警的根本原因。针对以上问题，本项目设计了基于恒阻大变形锚杆的深部围岩稳定性控制物理模型实验，对比分析恒阻大变形锚杆和常规锚杆对深埋巷道围岩稳定性控制效果及其力学监测曲线的差异，通过数值模拟，对室内、现场和计算结果耦合分析，优化计算关键参数，模拟不同埋深下巷道稳态力学监测结果；根据以上物理模型实验与数值模拟结果，结合现场实测分析，建立预警准则和预警模式，形成一套深部巷道围岩稳定性监测预警方法。

深部巷道围岩稳态监测预警及稳定性控制对我国深部煤矿巷道工程安全高效掘进及回采有重要的影响。本项目针对常规锚杆材料在围岩冲击荷载及大变形作用下产生张拉及剪切破断失效，进而导致整个围岩支护系统和稳态监测系统的失效，无法实现深部巷道围岩稳定性有效监测预警和控制，设计了可进行巷道围岩应力信息实时探测与支护的小型常规与恒阻监测锚杆，开展了基于恒阻大变形锚杆受力监测及支护的深部水平及倾斜巷道围岩稳定性监测预警及控制物理模型实验, 得到了水平与倾斜巷道围岩变形破坏整个过程的全场及关键点位移应变精确量测信息与锚杆受力监测信息，分析了水平与倾斜巷道大变形失稳机理，根据巷道变形与锚杆受力变化的时序特征，得到了基于恒阻大变形锚杆受力变化特性的巷道围岩大变形失稳的超前判别依据与控制手段，并采用与物理模型实验相同条件下的数值模型实验进行了验证，在此基础上提出了深部巷道围岩稳定性的监测预警准则，确定了表征围岩稳定程度的预警阈值，建立了一套使用恒阻大变形锚杆进行深部巷道围岩稳态超前监测预警及稳定性控制的方法并开展了现场工程应用试验。该项目开展取得的成果将为深部巷道围岩稳定性监测预警及控制提供一种新的方法，有效促进我国煤矿安全、高效生产体系的构建。