双功能光转换剂的制备及其在棚膜中的应用研究

Light conversion agricultural films prepared by the light conversion materials have attacted the high attention of worldwide governments and scientists due to their unique advantages and wide application prospects. Focusing on these problems such as the poor spectral matching between the emission spectrum of light conversion agents and the absorption spectrum of the chlorophyll, inefficient utilization of solar energy, this aims of project are to design and prepare bi-functional light conversion agents that can simultaneously convert the UV light in the sunlight into blue specturm and green into red. The effects of differents preparation methods on the compositions, structures and light conversion properties of the obtained materials will be studied. The intrinsic relationships and change laws between the compositions, structures, particle size and the luminescence properties will be investigated. The physical model, progress and mechanism about the light conversion will be discussed. This project also deals with the preliminary applications of the light conversion agricultural films made up of our conversion materials in vegetable cultivation. The successful completion of this project will obtain a kind of novel efficient light conversion materials, and will put forward the new understanding about the light conversion mechanism. The related research through this project is expected to provide important theoretical foundation and technical support for using new materials technology to achive safety production of high-quality corps, and for the wide application of rare-earth luminescence materials in agricultural domain.

由转光材料制备的农用转光膜对于促进植物生长具有独特的优势和广阔的应用前景，引起了各国政府和科学家的高度重视。本项目针对光转换剂的发射光谱与叶绿素光合作用的吸收光谱匹配性较差、太阳光能利用率较低等问题，提出开展双功能光转换剂的设计、制备及其应用研究。本项目将设计一类能同时将太阳光中的紫外光转换为蓝光及将绿光转换为红光的复合材料；研究制备方法对材料的组成、结构和性能的影响，深刻认识组成、结构和粒度与材料发光性能之间的内在关系和变化规律，建立物理模型，探索光转换的过程和机理；将此类材料添加到薄膜中制成转光棚膜，开展其在蔬菜栽培中的初步应用试验。本项目的研究和完成，将获得一类转光效率优异的新型转光材料，将对光转换机理提出新的理解和认识；为采用新材料技术实现高品质作物的安全增产，为稀土发光材料在农业领域的广泛应用提供重要基础和可靠依据。

转光膜由于含有转光剂可调整太阳光透过大棚时的光质，从而为植物提供更多有利于叶绿素光合作用的蓝光或／和红光，从而促进作物的生长。具有广泛的应用领域和独特的优势，因此受到各国政府和科学家的重视。但是在以往的研究中存在着转光剂的发射光谱和叶绿素的吸收光谱匹配性差、太阳光利用率不高的问题。本项目针对这两个问题，开展了设计和探找双功能转光剂的工作，并研究了其构效关系以及设计制备转光膜后通过大田覆膜试验验证其转光效果。研究结果的主要的创新点：（1）（复合）硫化物、（复合）氟化物、碱土铝酸盐、氮化物等体系吸收紫外线和／或绿光后的发射光谱主峰位于450nm的蓝光光谱和／或主峰位于650nm的红光光谱，且均为宽带发射，与叶绿素光合作用的吸收光谱相匹配；并且具有峰位和强度可调的特性，为设计满足不同光质需要的转光膜奠定了物质基础。（2）不同配方和不同生产工艺的转光膜，用于蔬菜、茶叶、药材的种植和蔬菜育苗、水稻育秧后，均能促进根系更加健壮的生长发育、增加叶面积，提高有效光合效率，进而提高作物产量20%～65%、改善作物品质，减少病虫害的发生，具有肥效和药效作用。对转光机理有了新的认识，为稀土发光材料在农业领域的广泛应用提供了重要基础和可靠依据。（3）建立并推广“光学农业”的思想并获得业界的认同，为今后更深入开展光学对促进农业发展的研究奠定学术思想和平台。发表研究论文8篇，授权专利13件，申请专利6件，参与专著编写1部，主办“第一届光学农业学术研讨会”1次，期间6名硕士研究生毕业，在读硕士研究生4名。