陕西太白湑水河水生野生动物国家级自然保护区秦岭细鳞鲑时空分布格局及其功能区划研究

Xushuihe River Aquatic Wildlife National Nature Reserve of Taibai County in Shaanxi Province is located at the upper Xushuihe River of Hanjiang tributary of Yangtze River Basin in the south of Qinling Mountain, which mainly protects rare and endangered aquatic wild animals including Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, Hucho bleekeri and Megalobatrachus japonicus daoidianuas (Giant salamander), as well as natural habitat of these species. The region has become a national aquatic wild life reserve in 2010 while further research and planning still need to be carried out in terms of the national level protection of the reserve and regional allocation of capital, human resource and techniques. This study which starts from the present management insufficiency will study the key protected species Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis by taking samples of this species and collecting geological data including longitude, latitude, altitude, width and length of river, air temperature, water temperature and water velocity in sampling sites of different altitudes and river segments from different seasons. This study also applies the ArcGIS 9.3 software to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, which is seasonal changeable trend of distribution range and population density of this species on different elevation gradients and river segments within this region. Based on the analysis and the existing functional zoning, suggestions will be put forward to for improvements. This program will provide data basis for better planning and management of the natural reserve.

陕西太白湑水河水生野生动物国家级自然保护区位于秦岭以南长江流域汉江水系湑水河上游区域，以保护秦岭细鳞鲑、四川哲罗鲑和大鲵等珍稀濒危水生野生动物及其生境为目的。2010年保护区晋升为国家级自然保护区，目前对于如何从国家层面上对保护区开展保护，新投入的资金、人员和技术等资源如何在保护区内进行区域性分配等方面尚缺少深入研究和规划。本项研究针对保护区目前的管理需求，拟从科学研究入手，选择保护区内的重点保护物种秦岭细鳞鲑作为研究对象，分四季在依据海拔梯度和河段生境特征设置的采样点，采集秦岭细鳞鲑标本、收集地理信息系统相关数据。利用ArcGIS 9.3软件分析不同季节保护区内不同海拔高度和河段的秦岭细鳞鲑的分布范围和种群密度，分析保护区内秦岭细鳞鲑资源的时空分布格局。在时空分布格局分析基础上，结合保护区已有功能区划，提出功能分区改进建议。通过本研究，为保护区进一步规划管理提供研究基础和科学数据。

研究选取陕西省太白湑水河珍稀水生生物国家级自然保护区和陇县秦岭细鳞鲑国家级自然保护区作为研究区域，以国家II级重点保护物种秦岭细鳞鲑为研究对象，通过对该物种资源和生境开展深入调查，基于GIS 地理信息系统对其时空分布格局进行分析，对物种保护和保护区功能区划提出建议。项目从以下三个层面开展的研究：（1）对秦岭细鳞鲑的分类地位进行了重新厘定。研究采用形态学和分子系统学方法，比较了该物种与同属其他物种在形态和系统进化上的差异，明确该物种为一有效种；（2）在详细分析了研究区域内鱼类和浮游动植物多样性的基础上，利用GIS地理信息系统软件分析了秦岭细鳞鲑在空间（不同支流和河段）和时间（不同季节）的种群密度分布格局；（3）探讨了两自然保护区功能区划的合理性，为完善保护区功能区划和资源保护提供建议。通过本项研究的开展，已初步掌握秦岭细鳞鲑的资源和分布现状，为进一步开展该物种的保护生物学研究和自然保护区管理研究奠定基础。