注水猪肉品质变化规律及低场核磁共振检测方法研究

Too much water-injected meat existing in domestic market for so long time, is not only an economic problem of faking and giving short weight, but also a potential problem about serious food safety. Although there are so many methods to distinguish water-injected meat from normal one, none is quick and efficient enough. Nowadays, low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) may be the most suitable technique to analyze moisture distribution (bound water, immobile water and free water). In this project, by continuous studying on change regularity of water-injected pork quality, and comparative studying on normal test methods of water-injected meat, a new kind of water-injected pork test method mainly depend on LF-NMR will be firstly established. After that, effect of injecting rate, various kinds of solvend (NaCl, salbutamol and edible gums) and disruptive samples (pale soft exudative meat, thawed meat and stored meat) on change regularity of water-injected pork quality will be paid close attention to. In the meanwhile, the new test method of water-injected pork come to be impeccable little by little. It has important scientific and practical significance in fast testing water-injected meat, normalizing domestic market of fresh meat, and ensuring food safety.

注水肉在我国市场上长期大量存在，这不仅涉及以水充肉、缺斤少两的经济问题，还存在着重大的食品质量安全隐患。目前注水肉的检测方法虽有多种，但各有缺陷。而低场核磁共振弛豫分析技术可实现对样品中不同分布状态水分的定量检测，且样品处理简单、快速。鉴于此，本项目拟以猪肉注水后的品质变化规律为主线，结合对注水肉若干常规检测方法的比较研究，确定和优化适于注水猪肉检测的低场核磁共振弛豫分析参数，并通过系统分析有效注水量、不同溶质（NaCl、沙丁胺醇、各种食用胶）和干扰样本（PSE肉、解冻肉、贮藏肉）对猪肉品质变化规律的影响，建立和不断完善基于低场核磁共振弛豫分析技术的注水猪肉检测方法，这对于快速检测注水肉、规范我国肉类消费市场、保障食品安全都具有非常重要的意义。

市售猪肉的注水问题在国内市场长期存在，相关事件屡被曝光。向猪肉中注水不但会破坏肉的细胞结构，造成细胞内营养成分流失，同时也加速了肉块腐败变质速度，给消费者带来极大安全隐患。注水肉传统检测方法主要可以分为感官检查法和理化指标检测法两类，然而，这些方法均存在一定的缺陷或不足，如检测准确性差、耗费时间长等。因此，如何快速、准确地鉴别注水肉具有重要研究意义。目前，有关注水肉的研究主要侧重于检测方法，对于注水肉品质的研究却比较少，知其不好但不知其为何不好。本项目通过模拟注水试验，系统研究了外源注入水分对猪肉品质变化规律的影响；并基于低场核磁共振技术获取了注水前后猪肉中水分分布情况，从水分分布的角度解释了猪肉注水后品质变化的原因。此外，市面上的检测方法多而不精，很难对注水肉做出准确判断。本项目基于低场核磁共振技术，筛选出了一套适用于注水猪肉的检测参数；通过结合品质指标逐一排除了注胶肉、解冻肉、贮藏肉等样品的干扰，确定了一种基于低场核磁共振技术的注水猪肉水分含量快速检测方法，为实现注水肉的快速、准确检测提供参考依据。. 通过本项目研究，已累计发表论文5篇，其中SCI收录1篇，EI收录1篇。培养在读研究生2名、本科生9名；项目负责人在学术水平、学术职务等方面均得到较大幅度提升。