天然阻燃海洋高分子改性纤维素纤维及离子阻燃机理的研究

Cellulose fiber has been widely used. However, the application of the cellulose fiber is restricted by the flammability. In contrast, the seaweed polysaccharides( alginate and carrageenan) are inherently flame-retardant. The key factor of the flame retardancy is the metal ions in the polysaccharides. In this plan, the metal ion flame retardant mechanism will be discussed, and it will be applied to the study on flame retardant of cellulose fiber by adding the seaweed polysaccharides to cellulose. .Firstly, the flame retardancy of the seaweed polysaccharides will be investigated through the research of its pyrolysis process and pruducts. The metal ion flame retardant mechanism will be analysised. Secondly, the right solution Agent will be choosed.the ways for preparing mixed solution containing seaweed polysaccharides and cellulose will be researched. The rheological behaviors of the mixed solution will be investigated by using a rotational rheometer. An optimum way to prepare the fiber will be definited. Lastly, the effect of the metal ion flame retardant on the prepared fiber will be investigated by analysing the flame retardancy of the fiber. In this plan, new kinds of flame retardant cellulose fiber will be prepared with addition the seaweed polysaccharides, by introducing the metal ion flame retardant mechanism into cellulose.

纤维素纤维应用广泛，但易燃烧引发火灾，使其应用受限。故其阻燃改性一直是研究热点。作为天然高分子，海藻多糖（包括海藻酸盐和卡拉胶）拥有优良的本质阻燃特性，多糖中的金属离子对其阻燃性能的有着关键作用。本项目拟研究海藻多糖的金属离子阻燃机理，并选择合适的共溶剂将通过海藻多糖添加到纤维素纤维中的方法，将金属离子引入纤维素纤维,从而提高纤维素纤维的阻燃性能。.测试海藻纤维的阻燃性能，通过表征其热裂解过程和产物，分析其金属离子的阻燃机理；选择合适的共溶剂，探索海藻多糖和纤维素纤维混合溶液的制备方法，系统表征共混高聚物溶液的流变性能，确定最优的溶液制备方法和纺丝工艺条件；分析复合纤维的结构及性能，确定工艺参数和后处理工艺；系统测试复合纤维的阻燃性能，分析金属离子阻燃机理对其阻燃性能的影响。本项目最终目标是通过海藻多糖作为阻燃剂将金属离子引入纤维素纤维，提高其阻燃性能，并更深入的研究离子阻燃机理。

纤维素纤维具有很多优点，如：吸湿性好、染色性好、穿着舒适、可生物降解等，基于这些优点也使纤维素纤维具有十分广泛的应用范围.但易燃烧引发火灾，使其应用受限。故其阻燃改性一直是研究热点。作为天然高分子，海藻多糖（包括海藻酸盐和卡拉胶）拥有优良的本质阻燃特性，多糖中的金属离子对其阻燃性能的有着关键作用。本项目选择天然高分子海藻酸钠、卡拉胶作为阻燃剂的前躯体，通过湿法纺丝工艺制备出海藻酸钙阻燃纤维素纤维、卡拉胶阻燃纤维素纤维。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、XRD、极限氧指数测试、锥形量热测试等分析方法对纤维的阻燃性能、燃烧稳定性能等进行了系统的研究分析。