The rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has always been the focus in geoscience, while the deep structures and dynamics in southeast Tibet is the key to understand the question. Previous studies used seismic data from permanent and some portable stations to reveal the structures of the crust and upper mantle in southeast Tibet. However, the resolution is generally limited so that many details are not clear. China is now conducting a large project named ChinArray that plans to deploy thousands of dense portable stations across the mainland. The first period deployed more than 300 stations in southeast Tibet (mostly in Yunnan) during 2011-2013. The dense stations with average lateral spacing of ~30 km make it possible to reveal unprecedented details of the structures of the crust and upper mantle. In this proposal, we plan to reveal high-resolution three-dimensional azimuthal anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle by combining shear-wave splitting (e.g., local S wave, Pms wave, teleseismic SKS) and P-wave anisotropic tomography. On the one hand, we characterize the anisotropic patterns at different depths and reveal the deformation styles in different layers (i.g., upper crust, mid-lower crust, lithospheric mantle, asthenosphere). On the other hand, we study the influence of major faults to the anisotropic structures and discuss whether the deformation is located near boundaries or spreads across whole blocks. These results may probably provide essential constrains for understanding the tectonic deformation and dynamics in southeast Tibet and even the whole plateau.
青藏高原的快速隆升一直是地学关注的热点,其东南缘的深部结构与动力学对探讨高原的隆升机制有重要的作用。前人利用该区固定台网和一些稀疏流动台站的地震记录对青藏高原东南缘的地壳上地幔结构进行了初步的研究,取得了很多重要的认识。但受到数据的限制,这些研究的分辨率相对较低。本项目拟利用ChinArray I期在云南及周边省份布设的密集的地震台网的观测数据,采用S波分裂(近震直达S波、Pms转换波、远震SKS波等)和P波各向异性层析成像方法解析地壳上地幔高精度的三维P/S波方位各向异性结构,重点研究:(1)不同深度的各向异性特征,讨论不同深度层(上地壳、中下地壳、岩石圈地幔、软流圈)的变形特征;(2)主要断裂对各向异性结构的影响,讨论构造变形是主要集中在块体边界还是分布于整个块体。这些研究结果有望为探讨青藏高原东南缘的构造变形机制提供至关重要的信息。
印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞造成青藏高原的隆升与扩展,是新生代地球上最重要的地质事件,对整个东亚的构造格局、气候、环境、灾害均产生了至关重要的影响,然而青藏高原的扩展机制一直都不清楚。青藏高原东南缘是高原扩展的前锋区域,扩展仍在继续,是研究青藏高原扩展机制最重要的场所。地震波各向异性反映了地球内部介质受到应力产生变形的情况,因此可以用来研究地球深部的变形,进而探讨青藏高原的构造演化。本项目利用地震震源机制解、SKS分裂、接收函数、体波和面波层析成像等地震学方法揭示了青藏高原东缘地壳和上地幔顶部的分层各向异性特征,探讨了青藏高原的扩展机制。项目收集了研究区的震源机制解,反演了地壳的应力场,发现高原内部以近南北向拉张为主,边缘受到挤压,压应力方向与高原高程梯度方向一致,反映了青藏高原东南缘上地壳应力场受到重力控制。利用接收函数蒙托卡洛分析和地震波各向异性层析成像方法获得了上地壳和中下地壳的各向异性,发现上地壳各向异性快波方向与断裂方向一致;中下地壳快波方向与地表高程及莫霍面深度等值线平行,表明重力对中下地壳的应变起到了重要的作用,高原的中下地壳物质在挤出的过程中受到周缘稳定块体的阻挡。项目利用SKS分裂方法分析了青藏高原东南缘的上地幔各向异性,发现不同块体中的各向异性结构的差异明显。青藏高原东南部和四川盆地南部的各向异性快波方向主体呈近南北向,而南部的印支块体和右江造山带的快波方向主体呈近东西向,该方向的转变发生在26°N-27°N。进一步计算SKS分裂强度并反演了上地幔的分层各向异性,岩石圈中不同块体中的各向异性差异明显,主要边界断裂处的快波方向与断裂平行;研究区软流圈中的各向异性快波方向较为一致,在北部和南部分别受到青藏高原软流圈挤出和印度板块向东俯冲的影响。这些结果对了解青藏高原东南缘的深部变形、探讨高原的构造演化和扩展机制提供了重要的信息。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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