风光储联合发电系统中的有功功率控制方法研究

As a new form of power generation unit, which utilized the complementary characteristics of wind power generation system with that of photovoltaic generation system and energy storage device, wind/PV/battery hybrid system can decrease active power fluctuation and improve power quality as well as mitigate the influence of.active power fluctuation from the wind power generation system and PV generation sytem. However, challenges related to the current active power control in wind/PV/battery hybrid system exist. Limited by the cost and lifetime factor of the battery, how to regulate the power from the wind/PV power generation system and the battery storage system with minimum capacity to match the power demand of the grid is needed to address. Therefore, active power control is the key technology to substantially improve the power quality, reliability and efficiency of wind/PV/battery hybrid systems.This project, centered around active power control, aims at achieve the following four objectives: (1). Based on the real-time wind-speed/solar prediction, we propose a two-degree-of-freedom feedforward -feedback control approach to achieve both precision tracking of the rapidly-changed desired power generation and overall robustness of the power system against adverse disturbances and system dynamics variation effects. The feedforward controller will fully utilize not only the predicted wind-speed and solar density, but also the a priori knowledge of the power system dynamics. The recently developed robust system-inversion theory will be extended for the first time to design the feedforward controller for the active power control of wind/PV/battery hybrid system, arriving at precision tracking of the desired power generation trajectory. The feedback controller will complement the feedforward controller in compensating for system variation and other random disturbances effects and substantially improve the robustness of the overall control system. (2). A two-level hierarchic control approach for station of charge (SOC) will be developed to at the lower-level, significantly improve both the efficiency and life cycle of the batteries, while at the higher-level, optimally complement and coordinate with the wind power and solar power generation, to compensate for and minimize the fluctuation of the power output, thereby maximizing the performance and function of the battery station. The proposed active power control theory and techniques will be implemented and evaluated in both simulation and experimental platform. The successful outcome of the proposed research will provide the key theoretical framework and guidelines to the development and applications of the wind/PV/battery hybrid systems.

风光储联合发电系统利用风能和太阳能在时间及地域上的互补性及储能系统的充放电特性，是解决风能、太阳能大规模开发对电网带来冲击问题的有效方案。但受电池成本、寿命等因素限制，配置的容量、功率往往有限，因此，有功功率优化协调控制已成为提高风光储发电系统电力输出性能的关键技术。本项目将对风光储发电系统中的有功功率控制理论与方法进行研究。主要包含：1）应用二自由度前馈-反馈鲁棒控制方法提高系统的跟踪特性及鲁棒性。前馈控制不仅可利用风、光发电功率的预测值，且可充分利用动态系统的先验信息。利用基于系统逆的鲁棒控制方法，可在干扰情况下进行有效控制。2）研究在风、光发电有功功率协调控制下的储能荷电状态双层控制方法，上层控制主要研究基于储能系统约束条件的多目标优化算法，下层控制研究储能元件的优化充放电控制策略。本项目以取得具有实际应用前景的原创性理论成果为目标，对风光储联合发电的发展及应用具有重要意义。

项目组按照资助项目计划书中的既定研究计划开展了研究工作，取得了预期的研究成果，实现了各项研究目标。迄今为止，本项目已在国内外新能源及控制领域高水平学术期刊和会议上发表论文13篇，其中SCI收录7篇，EI检索6篇,包括在Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews（SCI 1区,IF：5.51），IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion（SCI 2区,IF：3.353），美国机械工程师协会会刊ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering，IET Renewable Power Generation上各发表论文1篇，在《电力系统自动化》上发表学术论文2篇、《太阳能学报》发表论文2篇；参加国际和国内学术会议5次，包括分别在2013年、2014年中国控制会议（CCC）上做作口头报告，分别在2014年和2015年International Conference on Control Engineering and Electronics Engineering(CCEEE)上做了关于风光储发电相关的主题报告。本项目已申请专利7项（2项已授权）。.本项目组首次提出了一种基于模糊聚类方法的风光储联合发电系统等值建模方法，该方法能够有效地反映系统的有功功率特性并适用于其动态特性分析。在风光储联合发电系统有功功率控制方法方面，1）提出了一种基于功率曲线的风光储联合发电系统的功率平滑控制方法以充分利用风电场、光伏电站自身的可调度性，尽量减少储能设备充放电频率。2）创新地提出了一种基于多目标优化的风光储联合发电系统有功功率控制方法以提高系统的功率跟踪控制性能。在风光储联合发电系统中的储能系统控制方法方面，1）为了保证储能系统在平抑风电功率波动同时，能够将SOC调节至最优范围和避免储能系统的过充过放,创新地提出了一种储能系统SOC优化控制方法。2）针对储能系统的SOC调节问题，提出了一种基于变滤波时间常数低通滤波方法的储能SOC管理策略。3）为了提高风光储联合发电系统的功率输出性能，提出了一种基于荷电状态分级优化的混合储能功率控制方法。此外，三年来，项目组密切关注新能源发电控制领域的最新研究进展，对其未来发展方向进行了分析和总结，为未来相关研究与应用奠定了良好基础。