织物电极的结构参数及电极-皮肤接触压力对其电化学性能的影响研究

Wet electrodes are usually used to collect electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in some areas such as hospital intensive care, family care, and special care due to personnel operating environment. However, some problems for conventional electrodes exist as follows. 1) The conductive gel dries after prolonged ECG monitoring, which causes ECG signal quality degradation; 2) they are in direct contact with the patient’s skin, which may induce skin irritation; 3) a cumbersome process such as baring the skin, rubbing alcohol.. With the continuous development of ECG sensors, textile electrode becomes the focus of attention. This kind of electrodes belongs to dry electrodes, which not only needn’t to use conductive gel, but reduces the skin preparations. In addition, it increases the comfort of use, and can be reused. However, it often encounters the following problems: 1) a lot of noise; 2) the wearing comfort and increased pressure of skin-electrode interface often conflicts; 3) the effect of structural parameters and water absorption of the electrode on its performance is unknown.. Based on the above issues, the impact of structural parameters and skin-electrode contact pressure of textile electrodes on their electrochemical performance will be studied in this project, which will provide an important theoretical basis for improving ECG signal collection technologies of textile electrodes and their application.

在医院重症监护、家庭监护、特因环境人员作业监护等领域心电信号采集时，传统的心电电极（粘贴式湿电极）采集方式呈现出较多问题，具体体现在以下几方面： 1)长时间心电监测导致导电膏变干、信号质量下降；2)导电膏长期接触皮肤常常引起皮肤过敏疼痛；3)需要裸露皮肤、擦拭酒精等皮肤准备工作。. 随着心电传感器的不断发展，织物电极（纺织结构电极）成为人们关注的焦点，这种电极属于柔性干电极，不需要涂抹导电膏，能够减少皮肤准备工作，增加使用的舒适性，可重复使用，然常常遇到以下问题：1) 噪声干扰很大；2) 提高电极佩戴的舒适性与增加电极-皮肤接触压力常常矛盾；3) 电极的结构参数、吸水性等因素对电极性能的影响没有科学原理依据。. 基于以上问题，本项目开展织物电极的结构参数及电极-皮肤接触压力对电极电化学性能的影响研究，为基于织物电极的心电信号采集技术的提高和应用推广提供重要的理论依据。

本项目开展织物电极电化学性能的影响因素研究，主要内容包括：1) 建立织物电极电化学性能检测方法；2) 研究织物电极尺寸、形状、厚度等结构参数与电化学性能的关系；3) 研究织物电极的电化学性能与吸水量、持续时间之间的关系；4) 研究织物电极电化学性能参数与皮肤-电极的接触压力之间的关系。. 本项目基于仿真皮肤薄膜建立了较为完备的织物电极性能测试平台，包括无源模块和有源模块，该平台能够实现织物电极的性能定量评价。同时发现如下实验结果：为了实现织物电极低的接触阻抗，应选择尺寸较大、厚度较薄的圆形电极，并保证一定的湿度，在应用过程中，尽量减小电极-皮肤之间的相对位移，在满足穿戴式舒服的条件下，尽可能的增大电极-皮肤之间的接触压力。. 本项目实验结果为基于织物电极的心电信号采集技术的提高和应用推广提供重要的理论依据。