典型河口潮间带沉积物中PPCPs的时空分布特征与迁移转化规律研究

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a class of emerging contaminants which are closely related to people’s lives. With the rapid urbanization and improvement of human living standard, the pollution, migration, and transformation of PPCPs have become the hotpot and foreland in environmental research. However, current research on PPCPs in sediment of tidal zone is still limited, and the knowledge gap of the pollution status, migration and transformation of PPCPs there is urgently needed to be filled. In this project, five typical estuarine tidal zones are selected from North China to South China. The surface sediment samples and sediment core samples collected from the five tidal zones in wet and dry seasons will be analyzed for target PPCPs compounds based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The temporal and spatial distribution of PPCPs in surface sediment and the physicochemical parameters of the sediment affecting the distribution of PPCPs will be investigated. Besides, by analyzing PPCPs in 210Pb and 137Cs dated sediment cores, the sedimentation history of PPCPs during the past century will be reconstructed, and the emission history of PPCPs will be given. Meanwhile, the transformation of typical PPCPs will be studied based on the distribution of PPCPs and their transformation products in the sediment profiles, and the physicochemical parameters of the sediment affecting the transformation of PPCPs will also be explored. The results of this project will not only be scientifically significant in that it will give insight into the environmental behavior and fate of PPCPs, but also provide fundamental data to help control PPCP pollution during the process of rapid urbanization and to evaluate the ecological security of the tidal zones.

药品和个人护理用品（PPCPs）是一类与人们生活联系密切的新兴污染物，伴随着快速城市化以及人们生活水平的提高，其在环境中的污染以及迁移转化已成为当前环境研究的热点和前沿。而目前关于潮间带沉积物中PPCPs的研究还比较薄弱。本研究拟从北到南选择5个典型河口潮间带，构建沉积物中PPCPs测定的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法，揭示其在潮间带表层沉积物中的时空分布特征；通过对沉积柱芯中PPCPs进行分析，结合210Pb和137Cs定年，计算出百年尺度下各时期PPCPs的沉积通量，阐明其输入历史；此外，通过分析典型PPCPs及其代谢产物在沉积柱芯中的分布，结合沉积物常规理化性质探讨其在沉积柱芯中的转化情况以及影响其转化的关键地球化学因子。本项目的研究结果将不仅对了解PPCPs的环境行为、揭示其归趋等基础科学问题具有科学意义，而且为快速城市化进程中PPCPs污染控制以及区域生态安全评价提供基础数据支持。

潮间带作为连接海洋和陆地的动态交汇区域，了解医药与个人护理用品（PPCPs）在潮间带的分布、行为特征及其影响因素具有重要的科学意义。本项目先后建立了66种PPCPs及其代谢产物的MSPD-HPLC-MS/MS方法，同时将持久性有毒污染物（包括15种多换芳烃、22种有机氯农药和19种多溴联苯醚）纳入研究内容以更好了解PPCPs的污染特征及环境行为。结果显示，PPCPs在我国潮间带沉积物中广泛存在，且不同种类PPCPs在我国潮间带沉积物中的时空分布规律不同。整体上，表层沉积物中PPCPs分布多与采样城市人口呈现正相关；由于使用特点、降解程度难易上的不同，有些PPCPs与城市化水平、温度、PM2.5、水产品产量或年龄结构相关；与沉积物中总有机碳含量（TOC）显著正相关的PPCPs有些log Kow值很小，而具有较高log Kow值的PPCPs多数与TOC无相关性。相比之下，持久性有毒污染物除受其流域排放来源如能源使用、农药使用等影响，均与TOC具有显著正相关性。柱状沉积物中PPCPs的沉积特征与持久性有毒污染物不同，持久性有毒污染物基本与TOC以及人口变化趋势吻合，而大部分PPCPs无此规律。值得注意的是，抑菌剂类、阿斯巴甜和磺胺嘧啶具有与持久性有毒污染物相似的沉积特征，这与表层沉积物中它们与TOC具有显著正相关性相吻合。本项目可为了解PPCPs的环境行为提供科学依据，同时可为揭示PPCPs的环境风险提供数据支撑。本项目资助下已发表论文9篇，其中SCI论文5篇，培养研究生3人。