煤层顶板突水机理及突水危险性分区预测方法研究

The coal mine water disaster is the second-largest disaster in the mine after the gas disaster in five major disasters, and the water disaster from coal seam roof is a major type of coal mine water disaster. But now,the water gushing-out mechanism has not been known really,and the regional prediction methods have not been developed for the dangerousness of water gushing-out from valley flood water, coal seam goaf water and the roof aquifer underground water. With the Jurassic Coalfield in northern Shaanxi as the study area, the project will research the failure regularity of coal seam overburden rock,fracture conductivity,regularity of water gushing-out and the prediction method of water flowing fractured zone height,through the fieled survey, similar material simulation method and numerical simulation method. The project will also research the regional prediction method for the water gushing from coal seam roof,using the flume experiment of the fluid-loss of valley flood flow,the prediction of coal seam goaf water quantity by meens of many methods of mine inflow predicting, case comparative analysis, underground water flow numerical simulation and multi-source information overlay analysis of Geographic Information System. Based on the method the project provided,the experimental regional prediction system for the danger of water gushing-out from coal seam roof will be developed by GIS platform. The study is not only of great significance for the development of the theories and methods of the mechanism and prediction of water gushing-out from coal seam roof, but also has practical significance for the prevention and controlling of water hazard from coal seam roof in the arid west regions of China.

煤矿水害是仅次于瓦斯灾害的矿井五大灾害中的第二大灾害，而煤层顶板水害则是煤矿水害的一种重要类型。但目前对地表沟道洪水、上覆煤层采空区积水和顶板含水层地下水等多水源煤层顶板突水机理尚未完全掌握，对突水危险性分区预测还缺乏有效方法。本项目拟以陕北侏罗纪煤田为研究区，采用现场调查、相似材料模拟、数值模拟等方法研究煤层覆岩破坏、裂隙导水性和突水规律及导水裂隙带高度的预测方法，采用沟道洪水漏失量水槽实验、采空区积水量多方法预测与案例比较分析、地下水流数值模拟和地理信息系统多源信息叠加分析等方法研究多水源煤层顶板突水危险性分区预测方法，利用地理信息系统平台开发煤层顶板突水危险性分区预测系统，为矿井顶板水害预测防治提供理论和方法。本项研究不但对于丰富矿井突水机理和预测方法具有重要意义，而且对于西部干旱地区煤层顶板水害防治具有实际指导意义。

在我国，煤矿水害是仅次于瓦斯灾害的矿井五大灾害中的第二大灾害，而煤层顶板水害则是煤矿水害的一种重要类型，尤其在浅埋煤层区，煤矿水害类型主要以煤层顶板水害为主。但在以往的相关研究中，对地表沟道洪水、上覆煤层采空区积水和顶板含水层地下水等多水源煤层顶板突水机理研究尚不充分，对煤层顶板突水机理尚未完全掌握，对突水危险性分区预测还缺乏系统有效的科学方法。我国西部地区煤炭资源储量丰富，煤层顶板水害问题突出。本项目主要以鄂尔多斯盆地典型煤矿区的地质、煤层赋存条件及矿井涌（突）水等资料为基础，利用现场调查、相似材料模拟、数值模拟、无人机遥感监测等方法，系统的分析研究了研究区的煤层覆岩结构特征、煤层上覆含水层富水规律、煤层覆岩破坏规律及导水裂隙带发育高度、地面塌陷及地表裂缝发育规律、突水水源判别等对煤层顶板含水层突水规律的影响，总结分析了煤层顶板离层水害的形成机理及致灾特点；发明了地表沟道裂缝溃水实验平台及实验方法，论证分析了地表沟道裂缝溃水的危险性分区预测方法，提出了地表沟道裂缝溃水的防治方法技术；研究了煤层采空区积水影响因素及积水量预测方法，提出了采空区积水危险性分级标准及探放水技术方法；研究了煤层顶板突水危险性综合分区预测方法，开发了煤层顶板突水危险性预测系统。本项目的研究成果进一步丰富和完善了煤矿顶板突水理论，为浅埋煤层区的煤矿顶板水害防治提供了科学依据和技术方法，为我国其他地区的煤矿水害防治理论研究与技术实践提供了一定的借鉴意义。