生物洗涤装置净化烹饪油烟PM2.5和VOCs性能强化技术研究

Biological scrubber has many disadvantages such as low removal of PM2.5and VOCs from cooking fume and low degradation by biochemistry, based on these problems, a study on the technology to enhance the performance of the biological scrubber will be carried out. The effects of contact between gas and liquid (including airflow velocity, contact angle and distance) and auxiliaries (such as Oiltea shell carbon, Filtered mud, Compound material, and ect.)on the removal rate of PM2.5(VOCs)from cooking fumes and mass transfer rate of gas-liquid will be investigated, the relation function of between gas-liquid contact, types of the auxiliaries and mass transfer coefficient will be found in order to define the parameters and types of the auxiliaries that can improve the properties of biological scrubber; the effects of the adding superiority strains and nutrients (Nitrogen source, Nitrogen source and oxygen) into the scrubbing solution on the degradation rate of pollutants from cooking fumes, the relation between the species of superiority strains , nutrients proportion and bio-removal rate, the coefficient of degradation rate of pollutants from cooking fumes will be examined to determine the dominant strains and nutrients proportion which can improve their biochemical degradation properties. The research results will provide a new technical base for the enhanced removing pollutants from cooking fume by biochemical methods.

项目针对生物洗涤装置存在净化油烟PM2.5和VOCs效率不高、生化降解率偏低问题进行性能强化技术研究。探讨不同的气-液接触方式（接触速率、角度、距离）、洗涤液助剂类型（如油茶果壳炭、滤泥等）对油烟细粒子（挥发物）去除率和气-液传质速率的影响，找出不同气-液接触方式、助剂类型与气-液传质系数的函数关系，确定提高装置传质性能的技术参数和助剂类型；探讨在洗涤液中投加不同嗜油烟菌种和不同配比的营养物（碳源、氮源和氧气），对液相油烟污染物降解速率的影响，找出嗜油烟微生物种类和含量、主要营养物的配比关系与油烟污染物生化去除率和降解速率常数的函数关系，确定提高装置生化降解性能的优势微生物菌种（菌群）和主要营养物的投放比例。研究结果为生物法净化烹饪油烟这一新技术应用提供技术基础支撑。

以提高生物洗涤装置净化油烟PM2.5和VOCs效率和生化降解率为目标，首次将气-液接触方式（速率、角度、距离）用于强化油烟细粒子（挥发物）在活性污泥洗涤液中的传质过程，系统比较了不同气-液接触方式（速率、角度、距离）下对油烟细粒子（挥发物）在活性污泥洗涤液中的洗涤效率和传质系数的影响，提出“油烟细粒子（挥发物）大部分为难溶性物质，溶解阻力主要来自液膜”的液膜控制机制，量化了油烟细粒子（挥发物）在活性污泥洗涤液中的传质系数，发现气-液接触速率为24.19m/h，气-液接触距离为20cm，气-液接触角度为0°，液相传质系数可达到0.1962h-1，油烟总去除率可达到86.03%，对油烟细粒子PM2.5和PM10的去除率分别达到72.9%和71.4%。 . 采用添加助剂、嗜油烟菌种和特定配比的营养物（碳源、氮源和氧气）到活性污泥洗涤液中的技术强化生物洗涤油烟装置对液相油烟细粒子（挥发物）的微生物降解性能，获得最佳助剂为油茶果壳炭，产碱杆菌属、梭状芽胞杆菌群和产红青霉群、枝孢霉分别为最佳液相油烟污染物降解细菌和真菌，最佳营养配比关系为淀粉溶液20mL/L、硝酸铵6 mL/L、磷酸二氢钾1 mL/L、微量元素2 mL/L和控制溶解氧浓度7.1 mg/L，最佳碳氮磷比为44：9：1，最大降解率和降解速率分别达到46.1%和0.54mg/(L•h)，己醛和庚醛的降解率分别达到91%和86%。