基于节肢动物线粒体宏基因组学的高通量生物多样性调查研究

Biodiversity assessment is the important basis of biodiversity conservation. Documenting the diversity of invertebrate life was challenging until recently the appearance of metabarcoding, which promises to make biodiversity assessments of invertebrates feasible in a large scale. However, in our previous studies on biodiversity assessments by using metabarcoding, we found some unavoidable shortcomings, such as false positives due to DNA contamination, false negatives causing the dropout of some species, and biased amplification resulting in no reliable biomass information. To resolve these problems, we tested a new method – mito-metagenomics on some bee species in a subsequent work. The results show that this new method can improve the shortcomings of metabarcoding. So in this proposal, mito-metagenomics will be tested and used in a real biodiversity study, in which we will assess 20-years arthropod diversity of Zackenberg. The objectives of this proposal are: 1) improving mito-metagenomics to provide a better method for invertebrate biodiversity assessments; 2) establishing a time series of arctic arthropod community and using it as a model system for understanding how communities, ecosystems and their functions are impacted by climate change.

生物多样性调查是保护生物多样性的重要基础。然而我们对无脊椎动物的生物多样性现状知之甚少。直到metabarcoding技术的出现，才使得大规模的无脊椎动物多样性研究成为可能。但是我们在前期运用metabarcoding技术进行生物多样性调查时发现该技术仍然存在一些不足之处，如DNA污染产生的假阳性、物种信息丢失的假阴性以及PCR扩增偏差导致的无法提供可靠生物量信息等。在之后的一个方法测试工作中，我们以蜜蜂物种为研究对象，采用一个无PCR的新方法——线粒体宏基因组学成功改进了metabarcoding技术的这些不足之处。为了进行实例验证以完善这一新方法，本项目拟采用线粒体宏基因组学，对近二十年来萨肯博格地区的节肢动物多样性进行调查研究，一方面旨在为无脊椎动物多样性调查提供一个更为可靠的新方法，另一方面提供多样性数据建立时间尺度的生态系统模型，以帮助了解全球气候变化对高纬度节肢动物群落的影响。