Recent studies have established that excessive intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-6 PUFAs) is associated with chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders such as type-1 diabetes. We have discovered that achieving a balance of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs could significantly enhanced glucose and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion by INS-1 cell line, and make beta cells have nearly complete resistance to cytokine-induced cell death. In addition, omega-3 PUFAs could change the Th1/Th2 cell balance into Th2 type. By doing so, we suppose that elevated level of omega-3 PUFAs and balance the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 have protective effect on beta cells through modulating some autoimmune related cells, such as T cells and so on. The goal of this study is to investigate the direct impact of omega-3 PUFAs on the functions and viability of immune cells involved in type 1 diabetes. We propose to further explore these direct beneficial effects (as well as the underlying mechanisms) of omega-3 PUFAs on the survival and functions of immune cells, and to uncover the potential therapeutic benefits of omega-3 PUFAs, particularly in animal models that are either type-1 diabetic or genetically prone to develop type-1 diabetes.
研究表明,omega-6/omega-3不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)的比例在体内严重失衡(约20:1)是造成慢性炎症、自身免疫失衡和1型糖尿病的重要原因之一。我们前期的研究发现,通过调节omega-6/omega-3的比例,omega-3 PUFAs能够促进Th细胞向Th2方向分化、抵抗炎症;此外,内源性omega-3 PUFAs在INS-1和胰岛中的表达能够促进胰岛素分泌,并抵抗炎症引发的细胞凋亡,具有保护beta细胞存活和功能的作用。多项相关研究及我们的前期工作提示,omega-3 PUFAs可能通过免疫干预对1型糖尿病的发生和病理发展起到延缓和治疗作用,但相关调控机制不明。因此,本研究将系统探讨omega-3 PUFAs对1型糖尿病小鼠的免疫调节机制,并且探索利用omega-3 PUFAs 预防治疗1型糖尿病的可行性及其途径。
目前,1型糖尿病的治疗主要依赖于外源性重组胰岛素注射,但是长期血糖控制不稳定,并且伴有视网膜微血管病变、肾小球肥大和低血糖等并发症。因此迫切需要寻找能够阻断胰岛自身免疫攻击、促进beta细胞新生的方法改善和促进1型糖尿病的预防和治疗。已有的研究表明长链多不饱和脂肪酸omega-3具有抑制炎症及其引起的细胞损伤作用,可能作为控制自身免疫的关键因子。因此我们对omega-3预防和治疗1型糖尿病及自身免疫炎症的作用和机制进行了系统的研究。在非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠模型(NOD)中,饮食补充omega-3后NOD小鼠自发1型糖尿病的比例明显下降,发病时间显著推迟。病理学分析表明,omega-3对NOD小鼠胰岛炎和胰腺炎也具有显著的预防和缓解作用。对介导胰岛自身免疫攻击的T细胞进行系统分析后发现,omega-3抑制CD4+T细胞向Th1细胞分化,促进Th2细胞分化,有效逆转了NOD小鼠的Th1过度极化。同时,omega-3通过抑制Th17细胞的分化,促进Treg分化抑制效应T细胞的活化。进一步分析发现,多不饱和脂肪酸(omega-3/omega-6)的相关代谢产物(eicosanoid)通过抑制mTOR信号通路实现其对T细胞分化的影响。在确定了omega-3对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的发病、病理及自身免疫具有显著的抑制作用之后,我们利用携带mfat-1基因的慢病毒载体对已发病NOD小鼠进行干预,结果表明,40%基因治疗组小鼠血糖和胰岛素回归正常水平,自身免疫炎症水平显著下降,并可观察到胰岛beta细胞的新生。这一系列研究结果预示omega-3可作为一种新型、安全、经济有效的治疗因子对1型糖尿病的发生机制和临床治疗研究发挥积极作用。相关研究成果已经在被SCI期刊接收一篇,在投2篇,申请专利一项,发表核心期刊3篇。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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