夏热冬冷地区基于热环境改善的社区生态用地作用范围量化模型研究

Heat environment is always ignored by our community Nowadays. Under the condition of extremely hot in summer, many communities can hardly reach the standard of living level of human settlement and appear serious problems of heat comfortable. Facilities for heat environment improving use much energy and pollute the environment. .This project will choose the typical cities in hot-summer and cold-winter zone and use the methods of Remote sensing, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation, site measurement of real communities, mathematical modeling and so on. The numerical relationship research among appropriate types of ecological lands, scale and space characteristic of adjacent building and improving effect of heat environment are studied in the climate of these areas and mathematical model is set up using index of site measurement and data of simulation analysis. Though the mathematical model, the ecological land's good influence to the environment around can be studied and the range of improving the heat environment in community by ecological land can be evaluated. Finally, this mathematical model for the range of influence of ecological land will be put into real community design and thus ecological design method for community, which has the climate compatible and heat environment comfortable in hot-summer and cold-winter zone, can be deduced.

目前我国城市社区中缺乏对热环境问题的重视，在夏季炎热的气候条件下不少社区难以达到宜居环境的标准，并产生了严重的热舒适性问题。为了改善热环境而使用的人工设备不仅消耗大量能源，也对环境产生污染。.本课题将选取夏热冬冷地区的典型城市，利用遥感影像解译、CFD模拟、实地热环境指标测量、数学建模等方式，研究在该地区的气候条件下，社区生态用地适宜的类型，推导其尺度、形态和组合方式与周边建筑形式和状态、热环境改善效果三者之间的量化关系，并由此通过各类实测指标和模拟分析数据建立量化模型。通过该量化模型，可以了解生态用地对周边环境的有益影响，评价生态用地可以在多大的范围起到改善社区热环境的目的。最终，本研究将把所获得的生态用地影响范围量化模型应用到实际的社区设计中，确立具有夏热冬冷地区气候适应性和热环境舒适性的社区生态设计方法。

本研究首先从资料收集和对多尺度的遥感影像进行解译，深入调查了夏热冬冷地区社区生态用地的典型形式、空间大小及与建筑排列方式之间的关系，在此基础上从武汉、上海和重庆三个城市选择一系列具有典型生态用地和热环境特点的社区作为案例社区，进行数据测量及问卷调查。数据测量包括温度、湿度、风速、风向等热环境密切相关的指标。主要的测量布置方式为多点从直线式排列和取关键点式排列两种方式来进行测量，由此推导生态用地的热环境影响范围。根据测量的情况进行具有针对性的问卷调查，了解居民对热环境的敏感度。根据上述参数和数据，进一步把案例社区进行数字建模和边界条件设置，再进行环境模拟的研究。随后对社区生态用地内外不合理的布局形式进行优化模拟，寻找最适宜的生态用地在社区的融合方式。最终形成能够提高社区生态用地影响范围的布局及设计方法，由此发展指导规划和热环境设计的策略。