复杂平台电磁兼容路级综合建模与仿真方法研究

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and design is the technical measure to ensure that electronic information systems can work compatibly and function without error in their intended environment. Its main content is the use of EMC modeling and simulation method to predict and evaluate the potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and susceptibility (EMS) quantitatively. In the project we take the circuits based integrated analysis method as cut-in point, and study the equivalent circuit models for field structures of wire antennas and cables, behavioral models for physical circuits, pruning and order-reduction methods of behavioral models, nonlinear correlative relationship of EM coupling, as well as the validation example analysis. The objective is to develop the fast circuit based integrated modeling technology with simple models by converting EM structures to equivalent circuits and synthesizing physical circuits to behavioral models. This circuit based integrated modeling approach is aimed at overcome two technical difficulties. One is the low solving speed of field structure computation in the traditional field-circuit analysis, the other one is the solving issue of numerous integral-differential equations for mixed analog-digital circuits and high integrated circuits. Finally, a typical example is provided for validation. The research achievements are promising in the external or internal EMI response calculation for complex platforms such as airplane, and could provide key technical support for the system EMC protection and modification measures.

电磁兼容分析设计是保证电子信息系统在特定电磁环境中能完成各自功能的技术措施，其重要内容是采用电磁兼容建模与仿真手段对可能存在的电磁干扰及敏感现象进行定量的预测和评估。课题拟以路级综合分析方法为切入点，研究线天线、线缆等场结构的等效电路模型、系统内底层电路的行为综合模型、行为模型的简化降阶方法、电子系统干扰耦合非线性关系和路级综合建模的实例验证分析。研究旨在解决传统的电磁兼容场路协同计算中部分场模型计算速度慢、系统内电路高集成度和数模混合高复杂度导致的大量积微分方程求解困难等问题，将电磁模型简化为电路、底层物理电路统一成行为级模型，从而发展模型通用性强、简单易实现的路级综合建模方法和技术，并构建完成分析参考验证实例。研究成果有望用于复杂平台如大飞机对外界或内部电磁干扰的响应计算等，为系统电磁兼容的防护和整改措施提供关键技术支撑。

系统级电磁兼容模型的建立和求解难度越来越大，面临的技术难题包括场路协同计算中某些场结构剖分求解远慢于电路分析，数模混合及高集成度电路中大量微分方程求解计算困难等，建立更简化的等效模型，提高仿真效率一直是系统级电磁兼容建模仿真研究的热点和难点内容。本项目以平台中常见的线天线和线缆结构的电子设备为对象，开展路级综合建模方法研究。.首先，在自由空间的偶极子天线等效电路建模基础上，将天线的等效电路模型进行了推广。通过引入介质归一化等效，解决了介质包层天线的等效电路建模；通过引入线圈间互耦效应，解决了弯曲结构如螺旋的等效电路建模。同时，建立了任意截面结构和多导体结构的等效模型，从而使电路等效模型能够能够适用于大部分的线天线和线缆情况的集总参数电路描述，只要其结构具有相似输入阻抗曲线特性。.其次，采用数学模型综合描述底层电路的输入输出特性，提出了基于Volterra级数的行为模型，针对强非线性系统的行为级仿真出现的参数辨识难、矩阵病态等问题，提出了邻对角核控制和动态偏离阶数控制互补、径向修剪等简化方法，使未知数仅随阶数线性增长，从根本上解决了辨识矩阵的维数灾难问题。.最后，设计了仿真和试验验证实例，对场结构的等效电路和行为模型进行了验证。场结构的等效电路与建立的简化数字模型能够方便地在通用电路软件中构建，从而完成从前端耦合到信号失真的全过程的仿真分析，为部分特定电子设备的电磁兼容快速仿真分析提供了手段。