掺杂π-共轭有机凝胶异质结的制备及光致电子转移研究

The low photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cell is the main problems that was needed to solve. Photoinduced electron transfer plays a fundamental role in the photoelectric conversion, so finding new photoelectric conversion material and studing the photoinduced electron transfer properties are very important. The highly ordered arrangement of electron donor and acceptor can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. π-conjugated organogel has unique ordered structure. The project plans to synthesis two anthraquinone gelator which have two or four long alkyl chain, then the anthraquinone are reduced to anthracene gelator, anthraquinone group is choosed as electron acceptor, and anthracene group is choosed as electron donor, the anthracene gelator and anthraquinone gelator are prepared to doped gel heterojunction. The structure, steady state and transient spectroscopy characteristics, front molecular orbital and electron transition will be studied. According to the steady state and transient spectroscopy to determine the photoinduced electron transfer process and rate.At last,exploring the doped gel composition and structure is how to affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the doped organogel heterojunction may be used for preparing oaganic solar cells.

光电转化效率低是有机太阳能电池急需解决的主要问题，光致电子转移在光电转化中起着基础作用，所以寻找新的光电转化材料研究其光致电子转移性质有非常重要的意义。电子给体和受体的高度有序排列可以提高光电转化效率。π-共轭有机凝胶具有独特的有序结构，本项目拟合成带有两个和四个长烷氧基链的蒽醌凝胶因子，然后将其还原成蒽凝胶因子，蒽醌基团作为电子受体，而蒽基团作为电子给体，将蒽凝胶因子和蒽醌凝胶因子制备成掺杂凝胶异质结，探索电子给体和受体在掺杂凝胶中的堆积方式，研究其稳态和瞬态光谱特征，计算电子给体和受体的前线分子轨道和电子跃迁，在此基础上确定光致电子转移的过程和速率，并探索掺杂凝胶的组成和结构对光电转化效率的影响，为有机太阳能电池提供新的材料。

合成了1,4-二-十六烷氧基蒽醌、1,4-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌、1,4-二-十烷氧基蒽醌，其中1,4-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌和1,4-二-十六烷氧基蒽醌在异丙醇溶剂中可以形成稳定的橙黄色不透明的凝胶，而1,4-二-十烷氧基蒽醌在多种有机溶剂中均不能形成凝胶，1,4-二-十六烷氧基蒽醌成凝胶的最小浓度比1,4-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌低30%，可见蒽醌上所接的烷氧基链越长越容易形成凝胶。1,4-二-十六烷氧基蒽醌的荧光发射光谱在400nm和550nm有很强的发射峰，可用来做多色发光材料。. 为了探索蒽醌基团侧链上烷氧基的位置对形成凝胶的影响还合成了2,6-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌、1,2-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌、1,8-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌，这些分子在多种溶剂中均只形成絮状沉淀不能形成凝胶，但是掺入电子受体分子咔唑后，2,6-二-十二烷氧基蒽醌与咔唑等摩尔掺杂时在苯甲酸甲酯溶剂中可以形成淡黄色不透明的凝胶，这可能是由于咔唑是给电子基团(D)，而蒽醌是缺电子基团(A)，掺杂时咔唑和蒽醌由于强的π-π相互作用采用D-A-D-A堆积方式，蒽醌基在2,6-位上的长烷氧基由于疏水相互作用互相缠绕形成凝胶。