珠江三角洲典型环境中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂/增塑剂污染现状与迁移转化研究

Organophosphate esters (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, which are physically added into versatile products， such as plastics, electrical/electronic equipments,etc. It has been reported that these compounds are ubiquitous in the environment,and pose potential risk to ecological system and human health due to their significant toxicities to organism and human body, such as carcinogenic, mutagenic and endocrine disrupting, etc. In the present project,we are planned to study the occurrence, distribution, transportation and transformation/degradation about widely used OPs flame retardants/plasticizers in water, sediment and soil in typical region from the Pearl River Delta (PRD), including some representative cities, the industrial zone or e-waste recycling area. The project aims to: 1) investigate the levels and distribution of OPs and their possible transformation/degradation products in the environment(e.g, water, sediment and soil, etc) in the PRD, in addition,to discriminate potential high-risk area and establish the OPs inventory; 2) study their partition characteristic in soil and aquatic sestem(e.g,in water-particle-sediment),and trace the main affecting factors; 3)study and indentify their possible transformation/degradation products in water/sediment/soil samples collected in the heavily polluted area, such as electronic/electric products manufacturing base and e-waste recycling area, as well as in wastewater and sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); 4）investigate the transportation, degradation/tranformation of OPs in typical environment in the PRD, for example, in WWTPs under different wastewater treatment technology, as well as in the receiving rivers in the PRD, consequently to understand their environmental geochemical process and ultra fate in the environment. Until recently, little is known about the OPs contamination in our country.Through the accomplishment of the project, it is expected that the results will be helpful to better understand the pollution status and geochemical process of OPs in the environment, and to provide scientific data for OPs ecological risk assessment /health risk assessment, as well as scienticfic support for pollution regulation, management and control about OPs.

有机磷酸酯（Organophosphate esters, OPs）作为添加型阻燃剂/增塑剂，广泛添加在塑料、电子/电器等产品中。已有的研究显示，OPs广泛分布在各环境介质中，并具有多种毒性效应，对生态环境和人体健康具有潜在的危害。 本项目拟以OPs及其可能的降解转化产物为目标污染物，以珠三角典型环境（代表性城市、工业园区、电子垃圾拆解地、污水处理厂等）为研究靶区，研究环境中OPs污染现状和空间分布特征，筛查可能的高污染风险区，建立珠三角地区OPs污染物清单；研究OPs在环境各介质间分配和赋存状态及其主控因素；在高风险区环境样品中识别和鉴定可能的降解转化产物，探讨其主要降解转化途径和机理；探讨OPs在典型环境中迁移转化等地球化学行为。OPs的研究在我国尚处起步阶段，该项目的实施可填补我国在此领域的研究不足，同时研究结果可为OPs风险评估、污染管理和污染控制提供基础科学数据。

有机磷酸酯（OPs）是溴代阻燃剂被禁用/限用后最主要的阻燃剂/增塑剂。OPs具有不同毒性效用，且Cl-OPs具显著持久性，研究结果显示OPs并非环境友好型阻燃剂/增塑剂。环境中OPs污染及其潜在风险已经成为环境领域研究热点和重点。.本项目针对珠三角典型环境（包括污水处理厂、电子垃圾拆解地、工业废水厂、珠江主干及其重要支流、珠三角重要水源地）、太湖水体和浑河流域以及室内灰尘开展研究，取得研究成果如下：.（1）基于不同研究目的，针对不同的环境介质开展了大量方法学研究，建立了液相/固体介质中OPs及多种污染物分析方法；（2）常规污水处理流程不能有效降解去除OPs，其中烷基磷酸酯可发生一定程度微生物降解，部分吸附转移进入污泥；芳基磷酸酯主要因吸附进入污泥中；Cl-OPs既不发生微生物降解，也不分配于污泥，而是通过排放水进入珠江；成为珠江水体中OPs污染重要来源；（3）在工业废水厂极端化学条件下（如强碱性或催化剂），OPs可部分降解为磷酸二酯产物；（4）粗放式电子垃圾拆解、垃圾无序堆放导致周边土壤OPs严重污染；难降解的Cl-OPs逐渐累积于当地土壤中，对土壤微生物造成严重威胁；（5）受工业生产、电子垃圾拆解以及居民日常生活影响，珠三角广州-东莞-佛山等中心城区带以及电子垃圾拆解地存在OPs污染高风险区；（6）即使在严格污染管控措施之下，珠三角水源地也遭受较为明显的OPs污染影响；水体中OPs含量ng/L~数百ng/L水平，通过饮用水暴露的健康风险值得我们进一步关注；（6）在电器/家具等使用过程中，OPs释放/泄漏并富集于室内灰尘中，成为人体暴露的主要途径之一；（7）太湖流域和浑河流域OPs污染较珠三角轻微，主要污染来源于生活污水、工业废水以及大气沉降。