新疆柽柳种子库时空动态与分布格局及萌眠对策研究

Tamarix plants were distributed mainly in west-north desert region of China and were the key constructive species for maintaining desert ecosystem and played an important role in desert vegetation; Xinjiang was the main growth area and distribution center for Tamarix plants in China, its owned sixteen kinds of Tamarix plants and had many special species, so the germplasm resources was very rich; Tamarix plants were grew widely in saline land and had special biological and ecological characteristics to adapt various desert habitats, and they were excellent species for windbreak and sand fixation, afforestation and greening, soil and water conservation, so they had important ecological benefit and social economic value for saline land improvement and protective forest construction and desert climate improvement. In this item, the seed bank of Tamarix plants at different habitats in Xinjiang were researched systematically by field survey and laboratory experiment combining with game theory and geo-statistics, the purpose of this research was to understand basic characteristics about seed bank such as types, quantitative, species composition, spatiotemporal pattern, dynamic trend, and to analyze germination behavior, dormancy mechanism and to evaluate ecological adaptation strategy. The research works were helpful to the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization about existing population of Tamarix plants and will provide science basis and technical reference for activating seed bank of Tamarix population artificially, and consequently were helpful to the desertification control and saline land improvement and desert ecosystem restoration.

柽柳主要分布于我国西北荒漠区，是荒漠生态系统中的关键种及建群种，在荒漠植被中占有重要地位；新疆是我国柽柳植物的主要生长区和分布中心，境内拥有16种柽柳植物，种质资源丰富，特有种成份较高；柽柳植物生长在荒漠盐碱地中，拥有多种生境类型，具有独特的生物生态学特性，是防风固沙、造林绿化、水土保持的优良树种，对改良盐碱地、营造防护林、改善沙漠气候具有重要的生态效益及社会经济价值。本项目以新疆境内的柽柳植物为研究对象，通过野外典型样地调查与实验室内分析鉴定，结合博弈论及地统计学，系统研究柽柳植物不同生境的种子库，以期了解柽柳种子库的基本类型、数量特征、物种组成、时空格局、动态规律，分析探讨柽柳种子的萌发行为与休眠机制及其生态适应对策。研究工作将有助于柽柳现有种群的生物多样性保护与可持续利用，同时可为人工激活荒漠柽柳种子库提供科学依据与技术参考，进而有助于荒漠化防治与盐碱地改良以及荒漠生态系统的修复。