严寒地区多源互补耦合热泵系统构建及调控机制研究

The combination of heat pump technology and natural energy for heating and air conditioning is the main direction of the building energy conservation. The efficient heat pump system for heating and air conditioning should be able to ensure its performance and building load characteristics in time collaborative. By the heat source property restrictions, the application of single nature heat source heat pump system is limited by their own some problems in severe cold area. The basic ideas for establishing heat pump heating and air conditioning are put forward in the project, which is based on analyzing building air conditioning load characteristics and natural energy output characteristics. The multi-energy complementary coupled heat pump system (MECCHPS) is constructed according to this idea, which can achieve the complementary use between different nature energy. The research will be carried out through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and systems experiment. Firstly, the refrigerant flow and heat transfer mechanism in the multi-energy heating unit will be researched. In the multi-energy heating unit, the separated type heat pipe is integrated into vapor compression cycle. According to research results analyze the effect of internal and external parameters on the performance of the unit, explore the boundary conditions of start and instability of the multi-energy heating unit. Secondly, the optimization design rules of MECCHPS will be determined. The optimum matching relationship between multi-energy and the optimal control mechanism of MECCHPS under certain building air conditioning load characteristics and climate conditions will be investigated based on the rules, and then can obtain object-oriented universal design and optimal operation control method. The research results can provide theoretical support for application of heat pump and push the work of energy conservation and pollution reduction in severe cold area.

将热泵技术与自然能源结合进行供暖空调是建筑节能的主要方向，高效热泵系统应能保证其性能与建筑负荷特性在时间上协同，受热源自身属性限制，单一热源热泵系统在严寒地区应用均存在某些问题，限制了其应用。本课题在研究分析严寒地区建筑负荷特性及自然能源能量输出特性基础上，提出了该地区热泵系统构建基本思想，并据此构建了能实现多种自然能源可持续高效利用的多源互补耦合热泵系统。本课题拟采用理论分析、数值仿真与系统实验相结合的方式，研究多热源作用下蒸气压缩与分离式热管复合制热系统中制冷剂流动换热机理，分析系统内、外部参数对系统性能的影响，探求系统启动和失稳的边界条件；确定多源耦合热泵系统的优化设计准则，研究一定的建筑负荷特性和气候条件下，多热源间最优匹配关系和系统调控机制，进而得到面向对象的系统优化设计与控制方法。预期成果可为严寒地区热泵供暖空调系统应用提供一定参考，推动该地区节能减排工作的进行。

我国严寒地区供暖空调能耗是建筑节能减排的重中之重，热泵技术实现了能量的按质利用，充分利用了自然环境中普遍存在且可再生的低品位能源，体现了科学的用能理念，构建高效的热泵供暖空调系统对严寒地区节能减排有重要意义。在严寒地区受热源自身属性的限制，单一热源的热泵供暖空调系统难以持续高效满足供暖空调需求，为提高热泵系统的适用性，须结合各种自然能源的特点进行有机耦合，使得热源的能量输出特性和建筑负荷特性在时间上实现协同，本项目针对常见可再生能源的特点，提出了“能量即时高效利用原则”、“能量转移利用原则”、“热源互补利用原则”的热泵系统构建基本思想，并据此创新性地提出了基于自然能源互补利用的多源互补耦合热泵空调系统，构建了该系统核心设备--分离式热管和蒸气压缩式热泵耦合而成的多热源复合制热机组，既实现了环境空气热能和太阳能的全年高效利用，同时还解决了单一地源热泵系统的热平衡问题。针对上述提出的新系统、新设备，本项目通过理论分析、实验研究及模拟仿真相结合的方式对涉及的基础理论问题进行了深入研究，主要成果如下：. 1）建立了多热源复合制热机组数学模型，在此基础上开发了机组性能数值仿真平台，搭建了机组性能测试实验台，通过实验和仿真的方式，明确了多热源复合制热机组内部制冷剂流动换热机理，分析了环境参数、结构参数及运行参数对机组性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，太阳能与空气能耦合大大提升了机组热泵工况和热管工况的制热性能，对上述规律进行总结得到了多热源复合制热机组优化设计与运行控制方法。. 2）建立了多源互补耦合热泵系统动态性能仿真平台，确定了在不同负荷特性和气候条件下，系统优化设计方法和运行控制方法。模拟分析了多源互补耦合热泵系统在典型地区应用的可行性，结果表明，该系统在不同的气候条件下均可持续高效运行。. 本项目研究成果为严寒地区热泵供暖空调应用提供新思路，有助于推进我国清洁能源利用在严寒地区应用进程。