上下柱式采煤多重采动影响下中部残煤开采的技术基础研究

The mining of middle residual coal under multiple influences from pillar-mining of upper and bottom coal seam, existing in numerous mines, has increasingly drawn more and more attention among scholars. Our project will be conducted by the means of similar simulation, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field test to form the theoretical system and technical methods. By applying theories such as rock mass mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics and structural mechanics, the stability of double-deck pillars will be revealed. What is more, the interoperable mechanism of double-deck pillars and rock strata will be explored. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal evolution of “stress field- fracture field- deformation field- structure field” will be analyzed. The last but not least, the structural model — “pillars-upper control layer- bottom bearing layer-pillars” will be established and the quantitative analysis and method of middle residual coal’s admissibility will be formed. The technical basic study will make a solid theoretical foundation for the mining of middle residual coal, which has significant sense and value in academic circles.. The technical basic study can also rich the essential connotation of residual coal’s re-mining, which will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the mining of residual coal. Meanwhile, it will promote sustainable development and power the construction of economical society. With the advancing pace of resource integration, the above study will bring profound significance and application value in the not-too-far future.

上下煤层柱式开采后的中部残煤在我国许多矿区赋存广泛，近年来越来越受人们所关注。本项目拟采用相似模拟、数值模拟、理论分析和现场实测相结合的方法，综合运用岩石（体）力学、弹塑性力学和结构力学等理论，从系统结构的角度，研究上下柱式采煤多重采动影响下遗留群柱的稳定性，揭示双层群柱与中部残煤顶底板岩层相互作用的规律和机理，分析该条件下中部残煤开采“应力场—裂隙场—变形场—结构场”的分布特征与演化规律，探究采场岩层“群柱-上控制层-下承载层-群柱”的整体箱柱式结构机理，提出上下柱式采煤多重采动影响下中部残煤开采可行性的判定理论和方法，为指导中部残煤开采奠定理论基础，具有重要的理论意义与学术价值。. 该研究还可以丰富残煤复采的科学内涵，为实现残采区资源回收提供重要的理论指导及技术支持，对促进可持续发展、建设节约型社会更有鲜明的时代特色和深刻的社会意义。随着资源整合的推进，该类资源愈来愈多，因此本项目具有广泛的适用范围、广阔的应用前景和良好的应用价值。

上下柱式多重采动影响下中部残煤的开采面临着矿压显现规律不清、遗留群柱失稳致灾机理不明和岩层控制针对性不强等技术难题。本项目的重要研究进展包括：（1）掌握了上下柱式复合采动对中部残煤采场岩层矿压显现的影响特征，揭示了中部残煤开采“应力场-变形场-结构场”的时空演化规律，发现了复合柱式残采区中部残煤开采“上控制层+下承载层”的岩体结构，阐释了其失稳的临界条件与机理，形成了基于岩体结构的中部残煤开采可行性定量判定方法。（2）提出了复合残采区承载体系的简化结构模型——多元煤岩结构体，界定了多元煤岩结构体的基本概念，提出了多元煤岩结构体的基本概念，揭示了多元煤岩结构体的失稳破坏特征与机理，理清了复合柱式残采区“顶板岩层-上位遗留煤柱-层间岩层-下位遗留煤柱-底板岩层”承载体系的耦合作用关系，发现遗留煤柱为复合柱式残采区承载体系的失稳致灾因子；（3）发现了单一残采区并联遗留群柱的非均衡承载特性及复合残采区串联遗留群柱的非均衡变形特性，揭示了串联遗留群柱和并联遗留群柱失稳的临界条件与机理，凝练出复合柱式残采区遗留群柱的“最弱失稳致灾模式”；界定了复合柱式残采区遗留群柱中关键柱的基本概念，提出了关键柱判别的技术方法，开发了基于Python语言的关键柱智能判别KPDS软件，阐明了关键柱局部失稳的载荷响应特征，形成了上下柱式多重采动影响下中部残煤开采围岩控制的关键柱理论；（4）研发了以关键柱柱旁充填为核心的复合柱式残采区中部残煤开采岩层控制关键技术，揭示了关键柱柱旁充填岩层控制的核心原理，推导出“关键柱-柱旁充填体”耦合承载体所承担的载荷及柱旁充填体产生的侧向约束力，确定了关键柱柱旁充填体的技术参数，评价了关键柱柱旁充填岩层控制的效果。.项目研究成果不仅能科学指导复合柱式残采区遗留群柱的失稳防控，还能为复合柱式残采区中部残煤开采岩层运移的精准控制提供保障，更能为我国非煤矿山遗留矿体资源的复采提供借鉴。