多功能集成化频率选择表面研究

There exist some shortcomings and problems of the current research on frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) : (1) excessive pursuit of the design of FSS structure and lack in theoretical research on electromagnetic characteristics and functions; (2) there are many researches on the frequency switching/tuning of electromagnetic wave, but the influences of two important parameters, phase and polarization, are neglected; and FSSs with frequency, phase or polarization selectivity often possess unalterable performance, thus cannot change the state actively; (3) designs of the FSS usually realize only one function or two functions of transmission, absorption, reflection or radiation for electromagnetic waves, and cannot integrate a variety of functions into a single design; (4) lack of research on the integration of multi-functions and multi-feed integration as well as their mutual effects..A systematic research and the realization of several key technologies of the multifunctional FSS will be carried out in the project from three aspects, namely the theoretical research, the structural design and the application level. The research is to realize reconfigurable frequency characteristics, convertible phase characteristics and selectable polarization characteristics, and to provide effective combination patterns of transmission, reflection, absorption and radiation based on these controllable characteristics. The development of FSS electromagnetic function and its applications in the field of controllable electromagnetic properties provide important theoretical and technical supports for smart skins, electronic warfare, stealth radome, intelligent absorber and electromagnetic shielding system and so on.

当前频率选择表面（FSS）的研究：（1）过多地追求单元结构的设计，使得设计过于复杂，而对实现FSS电磁特性和功能的理论研究不足；（2）对FSS的频率特性研究较多，但忽略了相位和极化特性的研究，且具有频率、相位或极化特性的FSS性能固定,不具备可自由调控状态的能力；（3）通常对FSS的设计只实现对电磁波的透射、吸收、反射或者辐射等电磁功能中的一种或两种组合，在同一个设计中不能实现多功能；（4）多个FSS的多功能和多馈源集成化以及多种功能之间的相互影响缺少研究。.课题将从理论研究、结构设计和应用层面对多功能可重构FSS进行系统性和关键技术研究，实现频率特性可重构、相位特性可改变和极化特性可选择，并进一步实现FSS的透射、反射、吸收和辐射等多种电磁功能的有效集成化；课题拓展了FSS在电磁特性可控领域中的应用，在智能蒙皮、电子战、隐身雷达罩、智能吸波器和电磁屏蔽系统等具有重要的理论价值和工程意义。

受国家自然基金支持的“多功能集成化频率选择表面研究61871219”项目围绕课题所提出的研究目标进行了以下研究：.（1）FSS结构的多功能实现：实现了透射、反射、吸收和辐射等多种电磁功能组合和集成化，超表面的相位变化和波束扫描的功能组合；率先提出了和实现了将天线辐射功能和频选表面结构的吸波/透波功能、超材料相位梯度变化进行一体化的设计；.（2）有源FSS的不同的激励方法：除了传统的有源电馈（PIN管等）方法以外，率先提出和实现了半导体馈光（微波光控开关）方法和液态控制方法，有效地增加了激励的灵活性；.（3）FSS应用的多样性：成功地应用到电子对抗、能量选择表面、频率选择表面天线罩、智能蒙皮结构、龙伯透镜反射面、辐射波束可调、F-P天线波束和相位的可调、天线口径面聚焦面设计等；.（4）FSS结构的实现方法多样性：已经完成了柔性基底和曲面、多层基底的应用等。