我国保障性住房政策与低收入人群的职住空间错位问题研究

Affordable housing policy is generally adopted to accommodate the housing demand of low-income population and improve the social welfare. However, due to the tremendous capital investment and difficulties in land supply, local governments often opt to locate affordable housing projects in urban fringe areas. In the meantime, because of the strict regulations associated with the qualification for affordable housing, these projects unintentionally caused the job-housing spatial mismatch of low-income population living in these suburban affordable housing neighborhoods who are most likely to look for jobs in central city areas. This job-housing imbalance or spatial mismatch has adversely affected the effectiveness of affordable housing policy in China. Built upon our current research focusing on spatial mismatch of immigrants in the US as well as migrant workers in China, this proposed research will focus on eight cities in four economic regions that have experienced the most rapid urbanization in recent years. Combining case analysis and qualitative methods, we try to first build a theoretical analysis framework that can be used to analyze the factors affecting the employment outcomes of low-income people. Applying econometrical techniques, we then empirically study the spatial mismatch problems existing in the eight cities, and investigate how residential segregation in affordable housing neighborhoods affects low-income people’s commute distance and duration, employment status, and wage. This research will provide specific policy recommendations on how to improve the affordable housing policy in China. It will also bring forward policy recommendations that aim to reduce the spatial mismatch problems experienced by low-income people, improve their economic well-being, and facilitate their integration into the urban housing market and employment market.

保障性住房政策可以一定程度地满足低收入群体住房需求、改善社会民生福利，但由于建设资金与土地供给等困难，保障性住房的选址往往位于城市的边缘区。加之保障房准入与退出限制等，使得低收入群体集中居住在城市边缘区的保障性住房社区，而其工作地点却分散于城市各区。低收入群体面临的职住空间错位问题日益凸显，严重影响保障房政策绩效。基于课题负责人对于美国移民及我国城市流动人口的空间错位问题的相关研究，研究将选取我国城市化水平较高的四个地区的八个城市，开展典型案例访谈与大样本抽样调查相结合，综合运用定性分析、计量分析、比较分析研究等方法，检验保障性住房政策所引发的低收入人群职住空间错位问题，测算其所带来的就业状况、通勤情况、收入情况等不同纬度经济后果。藉此为保障性住房政策设计与实施提供有针对性的建议，同时提出解决低收入人群的职住空间错位问题的对策建议，提升其经济利益以使其更好的融入城市体系。

保障性住房政策可以一定程度地满足低收入群体住房需求、改善社会民生福利，但由于建设资金与土地供给等困难，保障性住房的选址往往位于城市的边缘区。加之保障房准入与退出限制等，使得低收入群体集中居住在城市边缘区的保障性住房社区，而其工作地点却分散于城市各区。低收入群体面临的职住空间错位问题日益凸显，严重影响保障房政策绩效。基于课题负责人对于美国移民及我国城市流动人口的空间错位问题的相关研究，本课题研究选取我国城市化水平较高的城市，开展典型案例访谈与大样本抽样调查相结合，综合运用定性分析、计量分析、比较分析研究等方法，检验保障性住房政策所引发的低收入人群职住空间错位问题，测算其所带来的就业状况、通勤情况、收入情况等不同纬度经济后果。在研究方法上，为解决国内外职住空间错位问题相关实证研究中普遍存在的居住地选择的内生性问题，采用了基于流动人口主观看法的工具变量来改进 IV-Probit模型与2SLS模型，使得分析结果更加准确可靠。研究发现，居住在保障性住房的低收入人群在就业参与率与收入上会低于不居住在保障性住房的其他城市低收入人群，同时他们的上下班通勤距离和时间上也会更长。藉此我们为保障性住房政策设计与实施提出来一些有针对性的建议，同时为解决低收入人群的职住空间错位问题的提出了一系列的对策建议。本研究从一个全新的、独特的、持续的视角去剖析和优化城市空间结构，为我国的城市结构调整与新一轮的城市空间布局规划提供了理论基础和实证依据，也为我国未来城市各项政策（保障房供应、住房、就业、交通政策）的改革、修编提供了很好的政策依据与合理建议，因此本研究具有很高的研究价值、科学意义和应用前景。在研究成果方面，本课题直接和相关研究成果共发表了4篇SSCI论文，而且发表的期刊很多都是高质量的国际期刊，包括Urban Geography (Q1类期刊),Cities (Q1类期刊), Transportation ResearchPartD (Q1类期刊), Transportation (Q2类期刊)。在其他研究目标方面，我们也按照原先的计划书，保质保量的完成了各项目标。