振动刮刷式加工番茄分批次采摘机理

For the existing problems in the respect of one-time mechanical tomato harvesting, this project would study the method of processing tomato harvesting mechanization, which operates in the manner of batches, adopting the principles of vibration and scrape. Basing on the developed vibration-scrape tomato picking device, the way and mechanical requirement of the processing tomato picking would be mainly studied, the characteristics in structure and trajectory and layout of the tomato-picking plates would be analyzed, the process of picking plates brushing out the fruit from inner side of the tomato plants would be analyzed and the impaction of tomato fruits population effect on tomato picking would been analyzed in this project also. Moreover, the effect of the vibration on tomato cleaning from tomato plants would be studied, and so are the influences of the superimposed effect between tomato plate's movement and the tomato plants vibration on the process of tomato picking. And then, the reason of fruit injury in the process of tomato picking would be researched, and a conclusion on damage degree caused by picking plates under the condition of different modes of structure, material and function pattern of picking plates would be obtained. The impaction of tomato plants shape and the fruit intensity in tomato plants on tomato picking would be explored. Finely, integrating the target factor of high net rate, less damage and high efficiency, a mathematical relation model between objective factors and main influence factors would be obtained by studying the influence factors which affect the performance of tomato packing. The results of the project would contribute to develop new type tomato harvesting machine which operates in the manner of batches, which would have significant meaning for promoting the popularization of tomato harvesting mechanization technology and ensuring the rapid and sound development of tomato processing industry.

针对现有加工番茄一次性机械化收获存在的问题，本项目采用振动和刮刷原理研究加工番茄机械化分批次收获法。在研制的振动刮刷式番茄采摘装置的基础上，主要研究果实各种摘落作用方式及力学条件，分析采摘板实现果实采摘在结构、运动轨迹和布置方式上的特点，分析采摘板从果秧内侧刮刷清理出番茄果实的过程，分析果实群体效应对采摘的影响；研究振动对果秧中果实的清理和番茄秧振动与采摘板运动的叠加效应对果实采收的影响；研究果实采摘过程中果实损伤原因，得出采摘板在不同结构、材料和作用方式下果实损伤程度，并探寻果实密集度和番茄秧形状对果实采摘受损影响；综合采净率高、损伤少和效率高等目标因素，研究各影响因素对采摘性能的影响，得到目标因素与主要影响因素的关系模型。 研究成果有助于研制加工番茄分批次收获机械，这对促进机械化番茄收获技术的推广普及和保证番茄加工产业的快速健康发展具有重要意义。

采用理论分析和试验研究等方法，完成了果柄分离、果实挤压损伤的力学特性分析，得到成熟度对果柄分离力、果实破损力大小及影响关系；研究了加工番茄的采摘机械物理特性，得出不同成熟度时期的果秧分离力、果秧分离扭力和果实破损的载荷压力；通过番茄刮刷采摘受力分析，研究了采摘板作用于番茄不同部位时采摘效果，得出采摘板作用点在果蒂位置时较容易采摘果实；采摘试验研究，获取了影响果实采摘和输送的试验数据，完成果柄分离和果实挤压破损试验数据的统计与分析处理，得出果实采摘力与果柄拉伸角度线性相关；结合理论分析和试验，得到加工番茄刮刷分批次采摘装置的结构参数和机构配置方式，并完成加工番茄刮刷分批次采摘装置的设计和制作；通过采摘性能试验，得出果秧分离率数值随着螺旋轴转速的增大先升高后降低，果实破损率随着螺旋轴转速增大而增大，成熟果率随着螺旋轴转速增大而降低；果秧分离率数值随着喂料速度增大而降低，果实破损率随着喂料速度增大而增大，成熟果率随着喂料速度增大而降低，当螺旋轴转速为150r/min，装置行进速度为0.59m/s时，采摘效果最佳。研究结果可为加工番茄新型分批次采摘装置的进一步研究提供理论基础和科学依据，亦可为其它果品收获技术参数的优化提供参考，这对促进番茄机械化收获技术的推广和保障番茄加工产业的快速健康发展都具有重要意义。