现代船舶水动力作用下内河限制性航道断面型态响应机理研究

The sectional patterns of restrictive inland channel are affected significantly by model ship dynamics. In this project, the ship wave is considered as the constant hydrodynamics, the interaction mechanism of current(including flood, shipping), sediment and fluvial process will be studied. With field observation, physical experiment and numerical simulation, water level decrease, wave, swell, ship wave,transverse wave and sediment transport are observed and simulated. Numerical model and calculation method of ship wave in restricted inland waterway are established. The seidment transport and hydrodynamic model for restrictive inland waterway is studied. The numerical simulation method of ship wave and ship-induced current as well as sediment transportation is proposed. The critical condition of sediment transportation under the impact of ship navigation will be found. The impact mechanism of cross-section formation process as well as habitat impact by ship navigation is studied. Furthermore, the fluvial hydromorphology of restrictive inland navigation and the functional relation between sectional pattern and ship wave, current and sediment are studied. By using the theory of this study, take the restrictive inland waterway as an example, the building standard of ecological cross-section pattern and the method for determining the spatial scale of the cross-section are proposed. This study will be fenefit to the basic theory of riverbed evolution, river dynamics and waterway engineering, and will provide the theoretical support and basis for unnatural river regulationl.

现代船舶水动力对内河限制性航道断面形态影响显著。本项目将船行波作为持续水动力条件，研究水流（包括行洪、行船）、泥沙与河床相互作用机理。采用现场观测、物理模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法，观测和模拟由船舶诱导产生的水位下降、涌浪、尾流、横波和泥沙输移。建立内河限制性航道船行波数学模型和计算方法；研制内河限制性航道泥沙输移模型和水动力模型，提出计算船行波和船舶诱导的水流产生泥沙输移的建模方法，找出船舶航行诱导泥沙输移的临界条件，揭示行船过程对内河限制性航道断面形态形成过程的作用机理及其对生境的影响。进一步地，研究内河限制性航道的河相关系-断面形态与船行波、水流、泥沙之间的函数关系。运用本研究的理论，以江苏内河限制性航道为例，提出生态型断面形态构建准则和断面空间尺度的确定方法。预期成果是对河床演变学、河流动力学和航道工程学基础理论的补充，可为非自然河流整治提供理论支撑和依据。

日益增强的现代船舶水动力对内河限制性航道断面形态影响显著。本研究将船行波作为持续水动力条件，系统地研究了内河限制性航道中水流、泥沙与河床演变相互作用机理。采用现场原型、物理模型试验观测了内河限制性航道中由行船诱导产生的船行波和泥沙输移，分析了内河限制性航道中船行波与泥沙运动特征，建立了内河限制性航道船行波数学模型；研制了船行波作用下内河限制性航道泥沙输移模型，提出了船行波和船舶诱导的水流产生的泥沙输移建模方法，揭示行船过程对内河限制性航道断面形态形成过程的影响。进一步地，研究内河限制性航道的河相关系，建立了断面形态与船行波、水流、泥沙之间的函数关系，揭示了现代船舶水动力作用下内河限制性航道断面演变规律。以江苏省内河限制性航道为例，提出了航道生态型断面形态构建准则、断面尺度的确定方法，以及航道断面维护尺度；研究了内河限制性航道护岸结构，提出了生态护岸的设计方法，并设计了两种新型生态护岸。本研究成果是对河床演变学、河流动力学和航道工程学基础理论的补充，可为非自然河流整治提供理论支撑和依据。