古建筑保护技术应用的时变性能评价方法与重载下木骨架修缮关键技术研究

Efficiency,durability,correlation of the environment inspection and analysis of wood On ancient wooden building are analyzed. Entity detection and calculation analysis are taken on various components of wood skeleton and deformation control effect of the repairs, the apparent characteristics, change mechanism, timeliness and statistical characteristics are studied , evaluation system suitable for engineering application and the control parameters are established, these will rich and develop ancient architecture protection technology. Considering wood volume significant change characteristics under heavy load, the corresponding relation is set up between wood standard specimens test results and computation model results based on no volume changing; According to wood rheological properties and stress relaxation tests, the calculation model and engineering application method are determined, these have important value on choosing new wood piece geometric size and the time efficiency evaluation about the related repairing technology on ancient building.Combined Yingtsao fahshih, principles, expert opinion and current situation of yingxian wooden tower , compositing forking columns replacing single forking column is proposed.Tests are done to get deformation, carrying characteristics of compositing forking columns, and Construction methods are provided.Considering the big load, the serious damage, significant deformation, openned ground pingzuo floor and the combination of experiment and test results, the applicability of the traditional and modern repair methods on yingxian wooden tower is evaluated.The scientific systematic repairing technology on wood skeleton of the temple will be formed. The research results have wide coverage and targeted.

针对已修缮木构古建筑，检测分析木材保护的时效性、耐久性及与环境的相关性；进行木骨架各类构件及变形控制的修缮效果的实体检测与计算分析，研究其表观特征、变化机理、时效性与统计特征，建立适于工程应用的评价体系，确定控制参数，丰富和发展古建筑保护技术。考虑木材重载下体积显著变化特点，建立木材标准试件试验规律与基于体积不变的计算模式的对应关系；进行木材流变性能、应力松弛试验，确定计算模式和工程应用方法，对古建筑新木构件的几何取值和相关修缮技术的时效性评价具有重要价值。结合法式制度、原则规定、专家意见和木塔现状，提出木塔骨架修缮中以组合叉柱造取代叉柱造，试验得到组合叉柱的损伤、变形、承载特征，提供组合叉柱的工程做法。考虑应县木塔重量大、残损严重、变形显著、底层平座层撑开等，结合试验和检测分析结果，评价传统或现代修缮技术在木塔上的适用性，形成木塔骨架修缮可行的系统化科学技术。研究成果覆盖面宽，针对性强。

古建筑木结构的接触摩擦、构件之间普遍带有缝隙、木材材料非线性、材性时效性是古建筑保护中的关键科学问题，由梁、柱、斗拱层组成的构架结构性能更能够反映古建筑木构的实际工作状况，典型木构古建筑的详细调查更有助于对其的科学保护，本课题在这些方面进行研究结果如下：.1）计算分析了单柱摩擦体系在水平单调荷载下的结构性能，进行了不同竖向荷载下构件之间有、无缝隙时的木构变形和应力变化计算，完成了应县木塔的地震响应与倒塌计算分析，完成了木材弹塑性本构关系计算机编程和与ABAQUS接口程序。.2）古建筑古旧木材材性试验，完成了了256个大斗（飞云楼）压缩变形的现场测试及梁、柱、斗木材损伤深度的实测，并进行了相应的统计分析。.3）完成了古建筑用五种新木材山樟、落叶松、樟子松、塔利、菠萝格横纹全表面受压、横纹局部受压、顺纹受压试验及顺纹受弯试验，得到了它们的本构关系及与密度的相关关系。.4）制作了木构古建筑特殊的加载装置，研发了能够测量大位移的两种应变式位移传感器。.5）制作了依据宋代《营造法式》模数的七等材两柱足尺模型、八等材两柱足尺模型、七等材四柱足尺模型和七等材四柱1/2比例模型四个模型并完成了拟静力水平加载试验，并完成了部分分析内容。.6）详细记录与分析了飞云楼构件、节点、整体变形状况和残损特征，并跟踪和分析了其构件、节点、整体的修缮方式。.7）分析了应县木塔修缮中索、箍（形成组合柱）、撑杆联合使用的问题、时效性及对策。