热泵复合泵驱动热管全年冷却系统的机理与特性研究

A year-round cooling system of heat pump coupled with pump-driven loop heat pipe is proposed for data center cooling in a whole year, which combined free cooling and mechanical refrigeration. In this system loop the compressor and working fluid pump works alternately, and the fluid is circulated with phase change. The heat pump circulation is driven by the compressor and the loop heat pipe circulation is driven by working fluid pump. The simulation model is built up for the complex year-round cooling system. The fluid distribution, the heat exchanging mechanism and the heat-power performance are analyzed roundly. The dynamic coupling relations are discussed. The system characteristics for start-up, heat exchanging limitation and working condition switch over are studied. The system design principle and method are summed up basing on optimization of system performance. A prototype working steadily under -40 degrees to 50 degrees is developed and tested. The best working performance rule and adjusting strategy are obtained. The demonstration system for project is built up for evaluating the running state and energy savings. The optimized running project and engineering design method are presented. The working efficiency and steadibility of the year-round cooling system of heat pump coupled with pump-driven loop heat pipe would be improved through this study, which could provide theoretical instruction in industrialization and bring bright future for engineering application and energy saving.

针对数据中心等需要全年降温的应用场合，提出集机械制冷与自然冷却于一体的热泵复合泵驱动热管全年冷却系统，在该系统工质回路中压缩机和工质泵二个驱动元件交替运行，驱动工质在其中相变循环，压缩机运行完成热泵循环，工质泵运行按回路热管工作。建立该复合全年冷却系统的模拟仿真模型，全面解析其工质分布迁移规律、相变换热机理和热功转换特性，及其之间的动态耦合关系；研究该冷却回路的启动特性、换热极限特性和工况转换时的动态特性，在优化分析系统性能的基础上归纳出其设计理论和方法。研制能在-40-50℃环境中稳定可靠运行的原型机，并对其进行全面试验研究，找出其最佳工作状态和特性曲线，以及适宜的调控策略。研制工程示范样机，全面评价其运行状况和节能潜力，提出其优化运行方案和工程设计方法。本研究有助于提高热泵复合泵驱动热管全年冷却系统的运行效率和稳定性，为其产业化和工程应用提供重要的理论指导，具有广阔应用前景和显著节能效益。

提出一种将蒸气压缩制冷与泵驱动回路热管集成为一体的热泵复合泵驱动回路热管系统，该系统特别适合风电机组和数据机柜冷却控温、大中型数据中心利用自然冷源等热密度高、冷却量大、空间复杂且控温精准的场合使用。针对泵驱动回路热管系统的使用条件和工作特点，对符合环保安全要求的候选工质进行定量分析和比较，优选出不同工况条件下适合该冷却回路使用的工质，在对工质R22进行实验的基础上，引入R32环保工质进行替换，比较分析不同工质下的系统性能。研究蒸气压缩制冷与泵驱动回路热管系统内工质分布迁移规律、相变换热机理和流动特性，分析蒸气压缩系统与泵驱动回路热管系统之间的动态耦合关系，归纳出其设计理论和方法。建立热泵复合泵驱动回路热管系统的实验装置，实验研究其循环特性和换热规律，研究换热面积、频率等对复合系统性能的影响，探究系统最佳运行状态。研究热泵复合泵驱动回路热管系统的动态响应特性并且分析了复合系统在不同匹数、不同室内外温差下的性能，理论研究结合实验测定给出了复合机组模式转换温度，设计出最佳运行方案，以及被冷却对象精准热控的调节方案、控制策略和方法。研制出示范工程用样机，并进行全面性能检测，建立该复合回路的评价体系，评价其节能潜力。.本项目为研究蒸气压缩制冷与泵驱动回路热管复合机组的传热特性提供了理论与实验基础，有助于提升数据中心全年冷却机组的运行效率，为其产业化和工程应用提供重要的理论及实验测试指导，具有广阔应用前景和显著节能效益。