含油气盆地深部流体与围岩介质相互作用的物理化学过程和机理

Accompanying with igneous activities, activities of deep-derived fluids had been found in main petroliferous basins in China. The deep-derived fluids not only contain large amount of activitive fractions such as CO2 and H2 but also transport huge heat into basins. In that, some strong physical-chemical interactions between deep-derived fluids and surrounding rocks took place as well as that many CO2 reservoirs were formed. The interactions affect both the formation and migration of hydrocarbon and the development of reservoir bed significantly, however the mechanisms are still unclear. The following studies are planed to be done in this project: (1)Mechanism of CO2 reservoiring; (2) Genesis of H2 in deep-derived fluids and physical-chemical processes and mechanisms for organic-inorganic interaction during generation of hydrocarbons by adding H into kerogens; (3) Physical-chemical process and mechanism for the influence of deep-derived fluids on hydrocarbon migration; (4) Dynamic processes and mechanisms for reservoir rock dissolution and filling by CO2-riched deep-derived fluid. The results of this project will improve theoretical knowledges about hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with activity of deep-derived fluids. The results are also significant in practice for reevaluating hydrocarbon resource potential, reinterpreting hydrocarbon reservoiring processes and high effeciently guiding hydrocarbon explaration in basins with activity of deep-derived fluids. Furthermore, an important production chain "CO2 reservoir exploration, CO2-EOR, CO2 underground storage" can also be formed.

伴随岩浆活动，中国主要含油气盆地中都发现了广泛的深部流体活动。深部流体富含CO2、H2等活跃组分，并携带大量的热能，不但形成CO2气藏，而且还与盆地中所经围岩发生强烈的物理化学作用，对油气形成、油气运移以及储层发育产生重要的影响；但其中的物理化学过程和机理研究有待深入。项目设计的主要研究内容包括：（1）深部来源CO2成藏机理；（2）深部流体中H2成因及加氢生烃无机-有机相互作用的物理化学过程和机理；（3）深部流体对油气运移影响物理化学过程和机理；（4）深部流体对储层溶蚀-充填的动态过程和机理。这些研究成果，不但进一步完善深部流体作用下盆地中油气成藏的理论认识，具有重要的科学意义；而且有助于重新认识油气成藏过程、重新评价盆地中的油气资源潜力，进而更加有效指导油气勘探；甚至形成"寻找CO2或富含CO2气藏、CO2驱提高采收率、同时实现CO2地质埋存"的重要经济产业链。因此，也具有重要实践意义。

伴随岩浆活动，中国主要含油气盆地中都发现了广泛的深部流体活动。深部流体富含CO2、H2等活跃组分，并携带大量的热能，不但形成CO2气藏，而且还与盆地中所经围岩发生强烈的物理化学作用，对油气形成、油气运移以及储层发育产生重要的影响。项目研究开展了流体-岩石相互作用、超临界CO2萃取、加氢生烃等实验，针对松辽盆地庆深气田、苏北黄桥油气藏等典型区域开展了实例解剖，重点探讨了深部流体对油气形成、油气储层发育、油气运移和成藏的影响过程和机理，取得了以下成果认识：（1）发现盆地深部具有极轻碳同位素组成的CO2，揭示CH4在高温高压下遭受铁锰氧化物的氧化形成CO2的化学作用新机理，提出了新的CO2成因类型；（2）揭示了深部热液促进了深层白云岩储层溶蚀发育和保持机理，提出了深部热液流体提供的能量促进了含膏层系烃类发生TSR反应，重建了深部热液-TSR双重作用下储层发育过程，指出了深部热液作用下深层-超深层白云岩储层具有向8000m以下特深层持续发育的潜力；（3）建立了通过R/Ra与CO2/3He和R/Ra比值与CH4/3He壳-幔二端元天然气成因类型鉴别模式，提出了通过消耗幔源CO2的水岩反应生成无机CH4的认识，明确在庆深气田存在有机热裂解、幔源和费托合成三种类型CH4，无机甲烷（幔源CH4、费托合成CH4）气贡献为25.1-100%，而建立了壳幔有机无机复合作用下油气地球化学判识指标；（4）通过黄桥富CO2油气藏解剖，查明晚期深部幔源CO2流体沿着深大断裂侵入并将分散在储层或烃源岩中的原油通过物理萃取方式驱取并聚集成藏过程，其携带的热量在运移过程中使得有机质和原油发生热蚀变，并伴随有机质热解和水岩反应，从而建立了深部CO2与原油成藏模式，提出了深层栖霞组为有利勘探目的层系。项目执行期间，发表SCI收录论文27篇，申请受理发明专利9件，获得国家发明二等奖1项、省部级二等奖1项，1人获得杰青资助，1人获得国家百千万人才工程荣誉称号，培养研究生7名。项目研究促进了苏北盆地CO2驱采和塔里木盆地超深层油气勘探，产生了良好的经济和社会效益，推动了“有机无机相互作用”学科方向的发展。