基于拱形校正器的尖拱形整流罩大目标视场动态像差校正方法研究

It is an important requirement for national defense security to improve the flight speed of infrared guided weapons and realize the fast and precise strike on targets. Conformal optics is an effective technique to solve the high speed problem of infrared guided weapons, but it will introduce dynamic aberrations which change with look angles. How to correct dynamic aberrations is a difficult problem in the field of conformal optics. Aiming at the ogive domes with better aerodynamic performance, this project will research on dynamic aberration correction method for large field of regard based on arch corrector. For Arc+Tangent and Arc+Karman domes，dynamic aberrations of them are gradually corrected from three aspects: the design of the inner surface of domes, the solution of initial structures of arch corrector and the correction of residual aberrations. In the project, the inner surface design method of ogive dome is proposed, which is beneficial to aberration correction. This project also establishes the initial structure solution model of the arch corrector and the surface data solving method based on the three-dimensional Wassermann-Wolf equation. For the residual aberrations of arch corrector, a method of superimposing binary optical structure on the shape of the arch corrector is proposed. This project will provide technical reserve for conformal optics and key technical support for the high-speed of infrared guided weapons.

提高红外制导武器的飞行速度，实现对目标的快速、精确打击是国防安全的重大需求。共形光学是解决制导武器高速化的有效技术手段，但会引入随视角变化的动态像差，如何校正动态像差是共形光学领域需要解决的一道难题。本项目针对具有更优空气动力学性能的尖拱形整流罩，拟开展基于拱形校正器的大目标视场动态像差校正方法研究。以母线形式为圆弧+正切和圆弧+冯卡门的整流罩为研究对象，项目从整流罩的内表面设计、拱形校正器的初始结构求解以及残余像差的校正三个方面入手，逐步实现对尖拱形整流罩引入动态像差的校正。项目中提出了利于像差校正的整流罩内表面设计方法，建立了拱形校正器初始结构求解模型和基于三维空间Wassermann-Wolf方程的拱形校正器面形求解方法。针对拱形校正器的残余像差，提出了在拱形校正器面形上叠加二元光学结构的校正方法。本项目将为共形光学提供技术储备,为红外制导武器高速化提供关键技术支撑。

共形光学是实现制导武器高速化的有效技术手段，对国防安全具有重要意义。大长径比尖拱形整流罩具有更优的空气动力学性能，但其引入的动态像差具有严重的非对称性。如何校正非对称的像差是共形光学以及自由曲面光学领域需要解决的核心问题。项目的研究内容包括：（1）非旋转对称系统初始结构求解方法研究；（2）基于拱形校正器的大长径比尖拱形整流罩动态像差校正方法研究；（3）基于衍射面和变形非球面相结合的动态像差校正方法研究。从经典W-W方程像差校正机理出发，项目研究了非旋转对称条件下的W-W方程，提出了适用于双参数标记的非旋转对称系统初始结构的求解方法。将该方法应用于共形光学中拱形校正器初始结构的求解，通过构建高效的多自由度XY多项式表征函数，实现了长径比1.2圆锥型整流罩和长径比1.4抛物面整流罩动态像差校正。为简化共形光学系统结构，项目探索并实现了基于衍射面和变形非球面相结合的共形整流罩动态像差校正方法，为动态像差校正提供了一种新的技术途径。项目的研究成果将为共形光学技术在高音速制导武器中的应用提供理论基础和关键技术支撑。