多板纲软体动物多样性和分类系统的研究

Polyplacophora, a basal and distinctive class of Mollusca phylum, are believed diverged relatively early form other molluscan lineages. During the implementation process of previous project funded by National Natural Science Foundation, we found there are still many unknown species need to be reported. The species diversity has not been fully discovered. Current classification system of Polyplacophora should be revised and improved because of existing problems and its deficiency in reflecting natural phylogeny. Systematics of this class is developing rapidly by using of new taxonomy method and technology. In order to better understand the species diversity and evolutionary relationship, multimethod analysis should be performed in the taxonomic studies. We will investigate the previous seldomly sampled subtidal zone and deep sea area, and will conduct researches on morphology, anatomy and molecular biology of polyplacophoran species. This proposal project aims to find new species and records, to fully reveal the biodiversity, to determine reliable classification characteristics, and to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and systematics arrangement among all taxa within the class. The results of this project could provide an identification guide, enrich our understanding on marine fauna and biodiversity, and promote the systematics and evolutionary study on the entire Mollusca phylum.

多板纲是软体动物门中较为原始的一个纲，它们很早就从其他软体动物中分化出来形成独特的一支，在软体动物的系统进化中占有重要的地位。基于青年基金项目的研究我们发现，仍有大量的未知种类尚未报道，有待深入挖掘；目前多板纲的分类系统仍存在很多问题需完善，且无法反映自然的系统演化关系。随着新的分类方法和技术手段的运用，多板纲的系统学研究迅速发展。本研究拟在已有研究基础上，补充调查以前鲜有涉及的潮下带和深海的种类，通过形态学、解剖学和分子生物学多种方法相结合，厘定已知种类，发现报道未知种类，全面揭示多板纲软体动物物种多样性；通过确定可靠的分类特征、选定分子标记等，厘清有各分类阶元的分类地位和系统演化关系，据此提出多板纲的分类系统划分方案。该项目的实施将有为多板纲的种类鉴定提供依据，丰富我国生物多样性和区系的认识，推动整个软体动物门的系统学和进化的研究。

多板纲是软体动物门中较为原始的一个纲，在软体动物的系统进化中占有重要的地位。目前多板纲的分类系统仍存在很多问题需完善。本项目对物种通过整合分类学结合形态学、解剖学、分子生物学等进行了鉴定。通过多基因序列和线粒体基因组全长对中国沿海常见的多板纲软体动物进行系统发育研究。为物种的准确鉴定和高级阶元的划分提供了重要证据；通过简化基因组测序分析，对常见优势物种的种群遗传进行研究，推测了造成南北种群遗传差异的原因，揭示了中国沿海地区石鳖的分化模式。通过本项目，基本摸清了我国沿海常见多板纲的物种组成、分布以及鉴定特征，该研究可有助于我国的常见多板纲软体动物的准确鉴定，为多板纲软体动物多样性研究、资源保护和开发利用等提供重要的基础资料。